Live imaging of animals infected with pathogenic microbes poses a contamination risk to equipment, personnel and other animals. A Caliper animal isolation chamber designed for the IVIS(®) Spectrum imaging system was tested as a containment device for mice infected with microbes assigned to animal biosafety level-3 (ABSL-3). A testing protocol was developed by adapting two published standards to...

Keywords: recombinant DNA crops (plants or organisms), transgenic crops (or plants), genetically modified organisms (GMO), biological containment level (B1 and B2), physical containment level (P1, P2, P3 and P4), experiments using large scale culture

Traditional information security modelling approaches often focus on containment of assets within boundaries. Due to what is called de-perimeterisation, such boundaries, for example in the form of clearly separated company networks, disappear. This paper argues that in a deperimeterised situation a focus on containment in security modelling is ineffective. Most importantly, the tree structure i...

A desired property of large distributed systems is self adaptability against the faults that occur more frequently as the size of the distributed system grows. Self-stabilizing protocols provide autonomous recovery from finite number of transient faults. Fault-containing selfstabilizing protocols promise not only self-stabilization but also containment of faults (quick recovery and small effect...

In the 2002 case Simat Corp v. Arizona Health Care Containment System, the Arizona Supreme Court ruled that the Arizona Health Care Containment System must pay for abortions when they are necessary to preserve the health of pregnant women in the system. In the case, the Court ruled that the Arizona Revised Statutes 35-196.02 and the Arizona Health Care Containment System (AHCCCS) policies, whic...

The perceptions of nurse managers regarding cost containment issues in selected public hospitals in the Port Elizabeth metropole of the Eastern Cape were investigated. Results indicated that nurse managers required better preparation for their cost control responsibilities. Although the majority of the nurse managers realised that staffing issues affected cost containment efforts, they were rep...

Difficult and challenging behaviour by inpatients is a feature of acute psychiatric ward life. Different methods are used to contain these behaviours, and there is international variation in which are approved of or used. Previous research suggests that staff attitudes to patients may affect their willingness to use, or choice of, method. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship be...

In this paper, we address the containment problem for unions of XPath queries with and without schema. We find the problem can be always reduced into containment problem between one single query and a union of queries. When schema is not available, the problem can be further reduced into checking containment between pairwise queries (each from one union), but this only holds for some XPath subs...

Low density suburban development and excessive use of automobiles are associated with serious urban and environmental problems. Master planned development suggests itself as a possible palliative for these ills. This study examines the patterns and dynamics of movement in a selection of master planned estates in Australia with the aim of developing new approaches for assessing the containment o...

Partially-specified systems and specifications are used in formal methods such as stepwise design and query checking. Existing methods consider a setting in which systems and their correctness are Boolean. In recent years there has been growing interest and need for quantitative formal methods, where systems may be weighted and specifications may be multi valued. Weighted automata, which map in...