The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect government consumption and investment expenditures on private sector in Turkish economy. In study, Cointegration Vector Autoregressive Model based 1980-2018 data has been used. results cointegration vector obtained from Johansen Test show that during period under review, are complementary incentive competitive with expenditures. Based res...

economic development plans normally contain some policy objectives, especially for the most important macroeconomic variables. governments are expected to take best policies to achieve these objectives, although due to some structural or other impediments they may fail to touch the objectives. we have attempted to uncover the determinants of private consumption and investment as the objectives ...

This article examines the impact of a conditional cash transfer programme in Nicaragua on a range of consumption and productive investment measures. Programme effects are estimated using household panel data collected as part of a randomised evaluation. Despite clear evidence that the programme increased current expenditures, there is only limited evidence that it increased investment. An estim...

This paper studies whether households make Pareto-efficient intra-household resource allocation decisions. It sets out a new empirical test of the collective model that exploits exogenous variation in two distribution factors – variables affecting the resource sharing rule within households. Such variation is necessary to test the condition that consumption good demand responses are proportiona...

This paper summarizes eight country studies of inequality in the health sector. The analyses use household data to examine the distribution of service use and health expenditures. Each study divides the population into "income" quintiles, estimated using consumption expenditures. The studies measure inequality in the use of and spending on health services. Richer groups are found to have a high...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper shows that increasing government social expenditur...

BACKGROUND Recent research has suggested a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and risk of leukemia. PURPOSE Using data from the UN cancer database, GLOBOCAN, this study will determine whether a relationship exists for latitude and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance with incidence rates of leukemia in 175 countries. METHODS Multiple regression was used to analyze the independent associati...