Conditional independence relations involving latent variables do not necessarily imply observable independences. They may imply inequality constraints on observable parameters and causal bounds, which can be used for falsification and identification. The literature on computing such constraints often involve a deterministic underlying data generating process in a counterfactual framework. If an...

For hypotheses of the type H0 : θ = θ0 vs H1 : θ 6= θ0 we demonstrate the equivalence of a Bayesian hypothesis test using a Bayes factor and the corresponding classical test, for a large class of models, which are detailed in the paper. In particular, we show that the role of the prior and critical region for the Bayes factor test is only to specify the type I error. This is their only role sin...

In this paper, we develop a hybrid iterative learning controller (HILC) for non-holonomic wheeled mobile platform to achieve trajectory tracking with actual complex constraints, such as physical uncertain parameters, and initial errors. Unlike the traditional (ILC), control variable selects rotation speed of two driving wheels instead forward speed. The considers constraints robot’s motors can ...

Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) is a multi-variable problem with nonlinear constraints and continuous/discrete decision variables. Due to the stochastic behavior of loads, the ORPD requires a probabilistic mathematical model. In this paper, Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used for modeling of load uncertainties in the ORPD problem. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained mul...

In this article, an effective method to control a power system during emergency conditions is presented. Based on Fuzzy Linear Programming (FLP), a new technique is developed to solve the Load Shedding and Generation Reallocation (LSGR) optimization Problem. The objective function consists of terms of load curtailments and deviations in generation schedules. The constraints are power system var...

Nowadays, navigation is an unavoidable fact in military and civil aerial transportations. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is commonly used for computing the orientation or attitude of a moving platform. The relative positions of the GPS antennas are computed using the GPS code and/or phase measurements. To achieve a precise attitude determination, Carrier phase observations of GPS requiring...