Recently we reported that the BH3-only proteins Bim and Noxa bind tightly but transiently to the BH3-binding groove of Bak to initiate Bak homo-oligomerization. However, it is unclear how such tight binding can induce Bak homo-oligomerization. Here we report the ligand-induced Bak conformational changes observed in 3D models of Noxa·Bak and Bim·Bak refined by molecular dynamics simulations. In ...

The formation of segmental grooves during mid embryogenesis in the Drosophila epidermis depends on the specification of a single row of groove cells posteriorly adjacent to cells that express the Hedgehog signal. However, the mechanism of groove formation and the role of the parasegmental organizer, which consists of adjacent rows of hedgehog- and wingless-expressing cells, are not well underst...

Grooved terrain is subdivided on the basis of pervasive morphology into (!) groove lanes elongate parallel groove bands, (2) grooved polygons polygonal domains ofparallel grooves, (3) reticulate rrain polygonal domains of orthogonal grooves, and (4) complex grooved terrain polygons with several complexly cross-cutting groove sets. Detailed geologic mapping ofselect areas, employing previously e...

The aim of this investigation is to use a newly available electropalatography (EPG) index to quantify groove width characteristics in Croatian postalveolar fricatives. Six normal adult speakers of Croatian produced 648 nonsense VCV sequences (V: /i/, /a/, /u/; C: //, //). Anterior groove width (AGW), posterior groove width (PGW), intraspeaker and interspeaker variability were quantified. Resu...

Standing balance control relies on multisensory feedback, but little is known about the influence of periodically varying sounds on this process. The level of sensorimotor activation has been shown to be highly correlated with the concept of musical groove. We presented musical stimuli with high and low groove ratings to participants (N=40) as center of pressure (CoP) was recorded using a force...

The behavior of droplets trapped in geometric structures is essential to droplet manipulation applications such as for droplet transport. Here we show that directional droplet movement can be realized by a V-shaped groove with the movement direction controlled by adjusting the surface wettability of the groove inner wall and the cross sectional angle of the groove. Experiments and analyses show...

With groove we mean the subjective experience of wanting to move rhythmically when listening to music. Previous research has indicated that physical properties of the sound signal contribute to groove as opposed to mere association due to previous exposure, for example. Here, a number of quantitative descriptors of rhythmic and temporal properties were derived from the audio signal by means of ...