INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 314 I. THE SCOPE OF CONGRESS’S RESPONSIBILITY UNDER THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT ................................................................. 321 A. The Relevance of Judicial Interpretation .................................... 321 B. Distinguishing Mandatory, Discretionary, and Intermed...

The use or possession of drugs has been a phenomenon since time immemorial. In South Africa, the essential offences pertaining to are provided for in Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act 140 1992 (the Act). two most important crimes “dealing drugs” “use drugs”. divides into three general categories – namely, dependence-producing substances; dangerous undesirable substances. specific resorting each th...

This paper is a discussion of Census 2000, focusing on planned use of sampling techniques for adjustment. Past experience with similar adjustment methods suggests that the design for Census 2000 is quite risky. Adjustment was the focus of litigation in the census of 1980 and 1990. The planned use of sampling to obtain population counts for apportionment was rejected by the Supreme Court as viol...

2. Clause 1 of the proposed Scotland bill is widely seen to fall short of the Smith Commission’s recommendations to make the Scottish Parliament permanent in UK legislation. Instead, the commitment is to “recognise” a Scottish Parliament as a permanent part of the UK’s constitutional arrangements, without containing sufficient provisions to actually render the parliament permanent, for instance...

Abstract This analysis considers the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in References re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, 2021 SCC 11, which a majority upheld as constitutional national carbon pricing legislation. The presents an excellent illustration legally-disruptive nature climate change. Illustrating that nothing is static disrupted world—including law—this article identifies three s...

The 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe entrenches the broad right to fair labour practices. is given effect in Part III Labour Act (Chapter 28:01), which provides an exhaustive list unfair practices can be committed by employers, trade unions, workers' committees, and other persons. predates Constitution. constitutionalisation necessarily carries with it attendant difficulties reconciling new rights...