The incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection was decreased significantly among Navajo children since the licensure of Hib conjugate vaccines, even though two lots of Hib (polyribosylribitol phosphate)-meningococcal B outer-membrane protein conjugate vaccine (PRP-OMP) widely used among the Navajo were later found to be of low immunogenicity. We measured the effectivene...

Melioidosis is a severe infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is refractory to antibiotic treatment and there is currently no licensed vaccine. In this report we detail the construction and protective efficacy of a polysaccharide-protein conjugate composed of B. pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide and the Hc fragment of tetanus toxin. Immunisation of mice with the lipopolysacch...

3. Department of Health. United Kingdom. Chapter 25: pneumococcal. In: Immunisation against infectious diseases—‘The green book’. 2006 [cited 2011 Nov 11]. http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/GreenBook/GreenBookGeneralInformation/ GreenBookGeneralArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ ID=4097254&chk=isTfGX) 4. Borrow R, Stanford E, Waight P, Helbert M, Balmer P, Warrington R, et al...

World Health Organization has recommended all countries to introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) in routine immunization schedule, especially those countries with higher rate of mortality in children. However, Islamic Republic of Iran and more than 50 other countries including Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Cabo V...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost effectiveness of vaccinating people with high risk conditions against invasive pneumococcal disease using the 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. DESIGN Economic evaluation using a cohort model from the perspective of healthcare providers. SETTING England. PARTICIPANTS People aged 2 years and older at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease due...

BACKGROUND In 2001, the Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP) was tasked to develop, test, license, and introduce a group A meningococcal (MenA) conjugate vaccine for sub-Saharan Africa. African public health officials emphasized that a vaccine price of less than US$0.50 per dose was necessary to ensure introduction and sustained use of this new vaccine. METHODS Initially, MVP envisioned partnerin...

Untreated HIV infection results in severe perturbations of the B-cell population and hyporesponsiveness to vaccination. We studied associations between circulating B-cell subsets and antibody response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in treated and untreated HIV patients.Ninety-five HIV-infected adults were grouped according to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and CD4+ cell count as follows: 20 AR...

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine has been licensed for use in the United States for >30 years, and two-thirds of the elderly population in the United States have received this vaccine. Observational studies have demonstrated that pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine reduces the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in immunocompetent elderly individuals, but neither observational studies nor ...

Staphylococcus aureus is an invasive bacterial pathogen, and antibiotic resistance has impeded adequate control of infections caused by this microbe. Moreover, efforts to prevent human infections with single-component S. aureus vaccines have failed. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy in rats of vaccines containing both S. aureus capsular polysaccharides (CPs) and proteins. The ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of the community-acquired pneumonia. The mortality rate of invasive pneumococcal infections is high. Immunocompromised patients suffering from autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD) have a high risk for acquiring these infections. Protection against infection can be improved with vaccination. After using polysaccharide vaccines (PPV-23), ...