Stress-strain and moment-curvature behavior of the reinforced concrete (RC) square columns have been analytically investigated according to different confined models. The effect transverse reinforcement diameter, spacing grade on RC column models were investigated. For models, confinement effectiveness coefficient, effective lateral confining stress, compressive strength, strain at maximum stre...

reliable stress-strain behavior of concrete is necessary particularly when a member is subjected to combine bending and axial load and confinement effects should be accounted for. a unified theory for confinement of circular hollow sections is proposed herein, that can be extended to the case of solid and noncircular sections. the main aim of the model is to trace step-by-step the evolution of ...

Synchrotron x-ray imaging and stress measurements of diamond-anvil cell gaskets revealed large elastic strains at the diamond tip at a pressure of 300 gigapascals. The diamond, generally considered a rigid body, bent 16 degrees over a distance of 300 micrometers without failure. To complement these measurements, a technique was developed that permits x-ray diffraction to be measured through a b...

The deformation and failure of underground engineering are usually caused by unloading. In this work, triaxial unloading confining pressure tests carried out to simulate the process rock mass unloading, analyze crack-characteristic stress, study energy evolution under pre-peak post-peak characteristics combined with theory. results show that, when increases from 5 MPa 20 MPa, crack closure stre...

The Regge behaviour of the solutions of a Dirac hamiltonian describing a heavy quark-light quark system in high orbital angular momentum states is analyzed. It is found that the solutions of a scalar confining potential are physically admissible while those of a vector confining potential are not. It is argued that with a Dirac hamiltonian a scalar confining potential is preferred over a vector...

We find explicit probe D3-brane solutions in the infrared of the Maldacena-Nuñez background. The solutions describe deformed baryon vertices: q external quarks are separated in spacetime from the remaining N − q. As the separation is taken to infinity we recover known solutions describing infinite confining strings in N = 1 gauge theory. We present results for the mass of finite confining strin...

We examine N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theories which confine in the presence of a tree-level superpotential. We show the confining spectra which satisfy the ’t Hooft anomaly matching conditions and give a simple method to find the confining superpotential. Using this method we fix the confining superpotentials in the simplest cases, and show how these superpotentials are generated by multi-inst...