The performance of the solid acid fuel cell by CsH2PO4 electrolyte was analyzed using the present model of the electrochemical reaction and transport phenomena, which are fully coupled with the governing equations. Development of such a model requires creating the three-dimensional geometry and its mesh grid, discretization of momentum, mass and electric charge balance equation and solving the ...

We present a comprehensive analysis of salt transport and overlimiting currents in a microchannel during concentration polarization. We have carried out full numerical simulations of the coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Stokes problem governing the transport and rationalized the behavior of the system. A remarkable outcome of the investigations is the discovery of strong couplings between bulk adv...

A simple method for microfluidic paper-based sample concentration using ion concentration polarization (ICP) with smartphone detection is developed. The concise and low-cost microfluidic paper-based ICP analytical device, which consists of a black backing layer, a nitrocellulose membrane, and two absorbent pads, is fabricated with the simple lamination method which is widely used for lateral fl...

We investigate the coupled dynamics of the local hydrodynamics and global electric response of an electrodialysis system, which consists of an electrolyte solution adjacent to a charge selective membrane under electric forcing. Under a dc electric current, counterions transport through the charged membrane while the passage of co-ions is restricted, thereby developing ion concentration polariza...

Ra te s of ionic mass t rans fe r a t nickel electrodes ro t a t i ng abou t the i r axes in the center of s t a t i o n a r y electrodes were s tudied using the fer r i fer rocyanide couple in a lkal ine solut ions . A general mass t r ans fe r corre la t ion was found to apply equal ly well to dissolut ion ra tes of ro t a t i ng solids and to rates of ionic mass t rans fe r at r o t a t i ng...

In this work, we experimentally investigated an effect of the hydrodynamic convective flow on ion transport through a nanoporous membrane in a micro/nanofluidic modeled system. The convective motion of ions in an ion concentration polarization (ICP) layer was controlled by external hydrodynamic inflows adjacent to the nanoporous membrane. The ion depletion region, which is regarded as a high el...

We demonstrate a recycled ion-flux through heterogeneous nanoporous junctions, which induce stable ion concentration polarization with an electric field. The nanoporous junctions are based on integration of ionic hydrogels whose surfaces are negatively or positively charged for cationic or anionic selectivity, respectively. Such heterogeneous junctions can be matched up in a way to achieve cont...

We present a scalable, out-of-plane desalination approach using ion concentration polarization. A depletion boundary separates salt ions and purified water into distinct vertical layers. The out-of-plane design enables multiplexing in three dimensions, providing the functional density required for practical application. For membrane widths of 125-200 μm, and applied voltage of 5 V, the energy r...

In this paper, a mathematical model for the cycling electrochemical capacity of hydride electrodes was deduced on the basis of activation and degradation of hydride materials. A cycle life model was deduced on introducing the activation and degradation factors into the electrochemical polarization equation which included concentration polarization, phase transformation polarization and electroc...