Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is the only potentially curable form of pulmonary hypertension. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is pivotal for successful treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms can be nonspecific and risk factors such as history of venous thromboembolism may not always be present. Echocardiography is the recommended first diagnostic step. Cardiopulmonary exerc...

During the 1990s, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging underwent extensive technological advancement and expanded clinical use in patients with venous thromboembolic disease, particularly with regard to evaluation of the pulmonary vasculature. In many institutions, helical (spiral) CT pulmonary angiography has become the initial imaging study of choice to evaluate patien...

cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death in the modernized world.   several novel noninvasive imaging techniques have been recently developed to improve diagnosis of cardiac and coronary disease.   of these advances, multidetector computed tomographic (mdct) angiography has evolved most dramatically to transform computed tomography from a single-slice trans-axial modality to ...

An anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (LCA) from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA syndrome) or Bland-White-Garland syndrome is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. We report a 65-year old female patient who presented with atypical chest discomfort. Coronary angiography and three-dimensional multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography demonstrated the ectatic right coronary artery...

Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare pulmonary vascular anomaly that is usually associated with other cardiac anomalies. We report a 9-year-old female diagnosed with isolated unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery and a right aortic arch but without other cardiac anomalies. The only symptoms the patient had were recurrent respiratory tract infections. The chest x-r...

Anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare but very serious congenital coronary artery anomaly. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography has recently become the gold standard for depicting anatomical variations and anomalies of the coronary arteries because the origin and course of anomalous arteries can be demonstrated very accurate...

Pulmonary sequestration is a congenital malformation characterized by dysplastic pulmonary tissue which receives blood supply by arterial systemic system, not in communication with tracheobronchial tree. Although it could be asymptomatic, it can also cause recurrent infections and hemoptysis, rarely massive and fatal. The conventional treatment consists in surgical resection of the pulmonary se...