The ε-well-supported Nash equilibrium is a strong notion of approximation of a Nash equilibrium, where no player has an incentive greater than ε to deviate from any of the pure strategies that she uses in her mixed strategy. The smallest constant ε currently known for which there is a polynomial-time algorithm that computes an ε-well-supported Nash equilibrium in bimatrix games is slightly belo...

Allosteric proteins use energy derived from ligand binding to promote a global change in conformation. The "gating" equilibrium constant of acetylcholine receptor-channels (AChRs) is influenced by ligands, mutations, and membrane voltage. We engineered AChRs to have specific values of this constant by combining these perturbations, and then calculated the corresponding values for a reference co...

in this paper, a five–dimensional mathematical model is proposed for the transmission dynamics of hiv/aids within a population of varying size. in writing the model, we have divided the population under consideration into five sub classes of susceptible, infective, pre-aids, aids related complex and that of aids patients. the model has two non- negative equilibria namely, a disease free and the...

the interaction between benzo-15-crown-5 (b15c5), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (db18c6), dibenzyl-daza-18crown-6 (dbzda18c6), n-phenyl-aza-15-crown-5 (npha15c5) and dibenzopyridine-18-crown-6 (dbpy18c6) with π-acceptor 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (ddq) in chloroform solution was studied spectrophotometrically. the interaction of b15c5-ddq and db18c6-ddq caused the formation of 1:1 charge transfe...

We study how the Einstein relation between spontaneous fluctuations and the response to an external perturbation holds in the absence of currents, for the comb model and the elastic single-file, which are examples of systems with subdiffusive transport properties. The relevance of non-equilibrium conditions is investigated: when a stationary current (in the form of a drift or an energy flux) is...

Recent experiments have confirmed the importance of nuclear quantum effects even in large biomolecules at physiological temperature. Here we describe how the path integral formalism can be used to describe rigorously the nuclear quantum effects on equilibrium and kinetic properties of molecules. Specifically, we explain how path integrals can be employed to evaluate the equilibrium (EIE) and ki...

A hypothetical time variation of the gravitational constant G would cause neutron star matter to depart from beta equilibrium, due to the changing hydrostatic equilibrium. This induces nonequilibrium beta processes, which release energy that is invested partly in neutrino emission and partly in internal heating. Eventually, the star arrives at a stationary state in which the temperature remains...

The site-selective H/D exchange reaction of phenol in sub- and supercritical water is studied without added catalysts. In subcritical water in equilibrium with steam at 210-240 degrees C, the H/D exchange proceeds both at the ortho and para sites in the phenyl ring, with no exchange observed at the meta site. The pseudo-first-order rate constants are of the order of 10(-4) s(-1); 50% larger for...

where CH and C are species of ferricytochrome c which exhibit a 69.5 nm absorbance band, and NC (no color) is a form without this band; the oxidation-reduction potentials of CH and NC differ significantly. The values of the constants in this scheme were determined at 25” except for the oxidation and reduction rate constants, which were determined at 22”. The pH dependence of the observed rate c...