Relative clauses (RCs) are subordinate clauses embedded within nominal phrases. Semantically, this embedded clause modifies the dominating nominal head. Syntactically, the nominal head is associated with an empty element within the subordinate clause. RCs have received great attention from language researchers as they demonstrate crucial properties of the human language. They enable recursion i...

The lack of clear guidance regarding the value of elastic flexural rigidity (EI) that should be used in the analysis of steel-concrete composite columns is a significant unresolved issue that hinders the design of frame systems that include these members. The common approach of utilizing the rigidity of either the steel or the concrete only tends to be overly conservative. Other approaches that...

Design of present-day racing wheelchairs developed out of necessity and common sense. The chairs first used in racing were everyday chairs; through years of trial and modification the racing chairs of today evolved. Very little advanced engineering has been applied to the design of racing chairs. The Finite Element Analysis model executed on a computer provided insight into structural problem a...

This article describes the use of cost models to: evaluate alternative frame designs, trade off applicable manufacturing processes and understand impacts of design features and material selections. This capability goes beyond pure cost values and allows a designer to identify the optimal and most affordable configuration and manufacturing plan during the design phase. Cost models can be tools t...

Intercellular bridges called "ring canals" (RCs) resulting from incomplete cytokinesis play an essential role in intercellular communication in somatic and germinal tissues. During Drosophila oogenesis, RCs connect the maturing oocyte to nurse cells supporting its growth. Despite numerous genetic screens aimed at identifying genes involved in RC biogenesis and maturation, how RCs anchor to the ...

Passive radar is a rapidly emerging technology with many distinct advantages over traditional radar. Its exploitation of “illuminators of opportunity” renders it covert, as well as less expensive. Several passive radar systems, such as Lockheed Martin’s Silent Sentry and John Sahr’s Manastash Ridge Radar at the University of Washington, are already capable of detecting and tracking aircraft. Ou...

Reactive carbonyls are widespread species in living organisms and mainly known for their damaging effects. The most abundant reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are derived from oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. Chemical modification of proteins, nucleic acids, and aminophospholipids by RCS results in cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. In addition to their direct toxicity, modificati...

BACKGROUND Robotic-assisted laparoscopy is popularly performed for colorectal disease. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted colorectal surgery (RCS) and laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCS) for colorectal disease based on randomized controlled trial studies. METHODS Literature searches of electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, ...