Artificial insemination (IVF) allows couples to have offspring without going through intercourse. This method was only practiced in Indonesia 1987. In itself, Islamic products and laws were heavily influenced by organizations that had developed massively within them. study aims discuss the law regarding phenomenon of artificial view Indonesia. The opinion community used as data sources are Nahd...

The authors document the development of the CMS frailty adjustment model, a Medicare payment approach that adjusts payments to a Medicare managed care organization (MCO) according to the functional impairment of its community-residing enrollees. Beginning in 2004, this approach is being applied to certain organizations, such as Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE), that speciali...

This article examines the tensions in providing services to South Asian victims of wife abuse in Toronto, Canada. It focuses on major community-based organizations of South Asian women, particularly on the South Asian Family Support Services. These community-based organizations provide services to non-English speaking, working-class immigrant women. This study found out that the dependency t...

Large open source software development communities are quickly learning that, to be successful, they must integrate efforts not only among the organizations investing developers within the community and unaffiliated volunteer contributors, but also negotiate relationships with external groups hoping to sway the social and technical direction of the community and its products. Leadership and con...

African regional organizations’ increasing activity in security policy is usually approached through the concept of a ‘security community’, which can only partially clarify their difficult situation. A multilevel governance model is suggested as a more useful approach in a situation where economic cooperation is weak, member states’ principles of governance diverge, and they themselves might be...

Pondering whether, when, and how to innovate with digital technologies, managers are navigating a complex and dynamic landscape. To help with this challenging undertaking, we draw on organizational ecology and network theories to conceptualize the organizational communities that support digital innovations. Empirically, we analyzed news articles about Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and ...

Interorganizational theories of management contend that collaboration and interdependencies between organizations can lead to distinct competitive advantages. Yet, this theory is largely rooted in the consumer goods industry (not healthcare) and has been examined primarily from the advantages provided to individual firms (not the community as a whole). In this research, we will explore the natu...

Exchange of experiences is a common means of informal learning in work places. Multiple organizations have discovered the benefits of actively supporting a community of practice to support this. We implemented a community of practice platform in two public administration organizations concerned with employment and experienced differences between the cases as well as difficulties during the impl...