Pili are hairlike filamentous appendages which extend several micrometers from the bacterial surface and have long had an important role in the pathogenesis of gonococcal infections. Pioneering studies by Kellogg et al. demonstrated that a loss of virulence was observed when gonococci were subjected to repeated laboratory subculture and that this change was associated with a change in colony mo...

Colonial nurses were ideal agents of colonial medicine's supposed beneficence: while practising and teaching "hygiene", they also reinforced racial and cultural separation. In some cases, however, the nurses took their role as healers and teachers of local populations much more seriously than was authorized implicitly by their employer. This article analyses the circulation of original life wri...

class familiarity in imperial discourse can be combined to understand the nuances of colonial representations. Revisiting the Malay image, I argue that the medievalist convention of portraying the native as situated in intermediate evolution between savagery and Western civilization was crucial for imperialism. The Malay image shifted from the representation of orientals exhibiting incommensura...

The relationship between nineteenth century England and colonial India was complex in terms of negotiating the different constituencies that claimed an interest in the economic and moral development of the colonies. After India became subject to the sovereignty of the English Monarchy in 1858, its future became indelibly linked with that of England’s, yet India’s own unique history and culture ...

All gold and silver coins legally current in the UK Certain French, Spanish and American gold coins 5-franc pieces of the Latin Union All bronze coins legally current in the UK nil nil 3. Gold Coast and Dependencies ditto nil nil ditto Nickel-bronze 1/10 of a penny, halfpenny and 1-penny pieces nil 4. Southern Nigeria (Western Province) ditto Certain French, spanish and american gold coins nil ...

The two inheritors of the British colonialism, India and Pakistan who got independence in the aftermath of Second World War inherited poverty and underdevelopment at the end of the colonial rule. The colonial rule ended in destroying the traditional and indigenous institutions and a legacy of colonial capitalism. Pakistan and India followed two different approaches of development. India chose t...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.11.022 0003-3472/© 2015 The Association for the Study of A Colonial species breed in densely aggregated territories containing no resources other than nest sites. This behaviour is usually explained by natural selection, for instance through benefits resulting from reduced predation risk. An alternative hypothesis suggests that, as in lek breeding system...

How well did Kenyans do under colonial rule? It is common sense that Kenyans suffered under exploitative colonial policies. The overall impact, however, is uncertain. This study presents fresh evidence on nutrition and health in colonial Kenya by (1) using a new and comprehensive data set of African army recruits and civilians and (2) applying a powerful measure of nutritional status: mean popu...

This paper investigates major themes espoused in the national anthems of English West Africa. Further, it seeks to find out how these themes are projected linguistically and literarily. Five English-speaking countries in West Africa, namely, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia and The Gambia, were purposively sampled based on their colonial history, language and geographical location for this...

Lynette Jackson’s book is an excellent addition to the growing number of publications on the history of psychiatry in colonial Africa. Other books have dealt with the contribution of colonial psychiatrists to psychiatric theories (McCulloch, 1995), the history of asylums in south-west Nigeria (Sadowsky, 1999) and how race and culture acted as markers of difference in colonial asylums (Vaughn, 1...