The physical, chemical and optical properties of nano-scale colloids depend on their material composition, size and shape. There is a great interest in using nano-colloids for photo-thermal ablation, drug delivery and many other biomedical applications. Gold is particularly used because of its low toxicity. A property of metal nano-colloids is that they can have a strong surface plasmon resonan...

Using numerical simulations we examine colloids with a long-range Coulomb interaction confined in a two-dimensional trough potential undergoing dynamical compression. As the depth of the confining well is increased, the colloids move via elastic distortions interspersed with intermittent bursts or avalanches of plastic motion. In these avalanches, the colloids rearrange to minimize their colloi...

We study the stability of mixtures of highly screened repulsive charged spheres and non-adsorbing ideal polymer chains in a common solvent using free volume theory. The effective interaction between charged colloids in an aqueous salt solution is described by a screened-Coulomb pair potential, which supplements the pure hardsphere interaction. The ideal polymer chains are treated as spheres tha...

Hydraulic fracturing is expanding rapidly in the US to meet increasing energy demand and requires high volumes of hydrofracking fluid to displace natural gas from shale. Accidental spills and deliberate land application of hydrofracking fluids, which return to the surface during hydrofracking, are common causes of environmental contamination. Since the chemistry of hydrofracking fluids favors t...

Colloidal systems find important applications ranging from fabrication of photonic crystals to direct probing of phenomena typically encountered in atomic crystals and glasses. New applications--such as nanoantennas, plasmonic sensors, and nanocircuits--pose a challenge of achieving sparse colloidal assemblies with tunable interparticle separations that can be controlled at will. We demonstrate...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect on mortality of rescuscitation with colloid solutions compared with resuscitation with crystalloids. DESIGN Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of resuscitation with colloids compared with crystalloids for volume replacement of critically ill patients; analysis stratified according to patient type and quality of allocation concealment. SUBJECT...

OBJECTIVE Multiple trauma is often accompanied by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of polymeric plasma substitutes on the development of SIRS or sepsis. METHODS We included 2969 patients aged ≥16 years with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) >16 in this study. The sample was subdivided into three groups: patients who did not recei...

Self-assembled multilayers were fabricated from lignosulfonate (LS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC), and the adsorption and desorption behaviors of LS on the LS/PDAC multilayers under different pH conditions were intensively investigated. Results showed that the adsorption and desorption behaviors were controlled by electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interaction, and change...