Cesium atomic beam clocks have been the workhorse for many demanding applications in science and technology for the past four decades. Tests of the fundamental laws of physics and the search for minute changes in fundamental constants, the synchronization of telecommunication networks, and realization of the satellite-based global positioning system would not be possible without atomic clocks. ...

In recent year’s aluminum and aluminum alloys are widely used in automotive industries. These are light weight (density of about 2.7g/cc),having good malleability and formability, high corrosion resistance and high electrical and thermal conductivity. High machinability and workability of aluminum alloys are prone to porosity due to gases dissolved during melting processes. However, in the engi...

Yair Rezek, Peter Salamon, Karl Heinz Hoffmann, and Ronnie Kosloff Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel. b Department of Mathematical Science, San Diego State University, San Diago, California, 92182, USA. c Physics Institute, Technical University of Chemnitz, Chemnitz, D-09107 Germany∗ Abstract The scaling of the optimal c...

Evidence suggests that rational alternatives do not necessarily drive the choices made by real individuals in the privacy of their homes, Therefore, an understanding of the characteristics of the utility’s customer base, is useful to help design utility programs that target the customer’s ordinary daily practices. This paper summarizes the main results of a method to highlight familial habits b...

A cold room assisted vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is dynamically modeled in a year and optimized. Total annual cost (TACO) and coefficient of performance (COP) are selected as two objective functions. Both cold room and refrigeration cycle parameters are considered as design variables. Moreover, three working fluids included R22, R134a and R407c are examined. The optimum Pareto front r...