Gelatin composite films were prepared from gelatin solutions (10% w/v) containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% w/w gelatin) as nanofiller. The water solubility, water swelling, water uptake, water vapor permeability (WVP), mechanical, and antibacterial properties of the films were examined. Water solubility, water swelling, water uptake, and WVP for gelatin films we...

Teleost fish experience passive osmotic water influx in fresh water (FW) and water outflux in salt water, which is normally compensated by water flow driven by active ion transport mechanisms. Euryhaline fish may also minimize osmotic energy demand by "behavioral osmoregulation", seeking a medium isotonic with their body fluids. Our goal was to evaluate the energy requirement for osmoregulation...

When rhodopsin in a gelatin film is dried, the rhodopsin chromophores orient primarily in the plane of the film. When the film is wetted, the chromophores disorient. These changes are reversible. When rhodopsin in a wet film. is bleached in the presence of hydroxylamine and redried, the retinal oxime which results is oriented more perpendicularly to the plane of the film. These orientations in ...

Gelatin cross-linking has recently been discovered to be a very appealing method of producing gelatin-based films. The current research looks at various commercial gelatin (type B) films improve their physical qualities. Bunium alpinum and bunium incrassatum essential oils (EOs) in two quantities (5% 25%) were added the films, which showed substantial biological activity (antibacterial, antioxi...

Active films made of chitosan and fish gelatin blends containing 5% (w/wt polymers) tyrosol, ferulic acid or caffeic were prepared by the casting method. The kinetic release was assessed in water 1% (w/v) NaCl solution, at three temperatures (4, 25 32°C). Partition (Kf/S) effective diffusivity (D) modelled which allowed to characterize mechanism. Tyrosol has a faster higher concentration than o...

-Thermal stratification occurred in pools of three rivers in northern California when inflow of cold water was sufficiently great or currents were sufficiently weak to prevent thorough mixing of water of contrasting temperatures. Surface water temperatures in such pools were commonly 3-9°C higher than those at the bottom. Cold water entered pools from tributaries, intergravel flow through river...

The waste X-ray/ photographic films contain 1.5 2 % (w/w) black metallic silver which is recovered and reused. Around 18-20% of the world's silver needs are supplied by recycling photographic waste. Since silver is linked to gelatin in the emulsion layer, it is possible to break the same and release the silver using proteolytic enzymes. Alkaline protease from Conidiobolus coronatus was investig...

Climate change will likely have profound effects on cold-water species of freshwater fishes. As temperatures rise, cold-water fish distributions may shift and contract in response. Predicting the effects of projected stream warming in stream networks is complicated by the generally poor correlation between water temperature and air temperature. Spatial dependencies in stream networks are comple...