background and objective: intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (stz) causes cognitive impairment in rats. the beneficial effect of saffron main component, safranal was investigated on icv stz-induced learning, memory, and cognitive impairment in male rats. materials and methods: for this purpose, rats were injected with icv stz bilaterally, on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg). the st...

There is controversy regarding the definition and characteristics of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. The Movement Disorder Society commissioned a Task Force to critically evaluate the literature and determine the frequency and characteristics of Parkinson's disease-mild cognitive impairment and its association with dementia. A comprehensive PubMed literature review was conduct...

Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Increasing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is not restricted to the neuronal compartment, but includes strong interactions with immunological mechanisms in the brain. In vitro and animal studies have linked neuroinflammation to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Studies on marke...

Previous studies have shown that caffeine has beneficial effects on cognitive impairment in sleep deprived male rats. Therefore in the present study, we examined the effects of chronic caffeine administration on learning and memory impairments induced by sleep deprivation (SD) in the intact and ovarectomized (OVX) female rats. Two sets of animals including intact and OVX were randomly recruited...

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), including Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), and Arachidonic Acid (AA), are associated with cognitive functions in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Nevertheless, controversial results have been reported, too. The current study aimed to clarify the association of serum EPA and AA levels with cognitive decline...

OBJECTIVES Recent longitudinal studies have reported that smoking increases risk for cognitive impairment and that moderate alcohol intake could be preventive. The association between both cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking and incident cognitive impairment was studied in a representative population. METHODS This is a 1 year prospective population based cohort study of all residents aged ...

cognitive impairment may be a common even at the onset of multiple sclerosis (ms). in this case-control study, we tried to find out the probable relationship between homocysteine levels and cerebral atrophy or cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis. one hundred fifty six patients who had ms according to mcdonald diagnostic criteria were included in this study. patients’ age, g...