Insects in the pupal stage are vulnerable to various predators because pupa is immobile. The pupas of parasitoid ichneumonid wasps (Ichneumonidae) associated with spider hosts have evolved two lines defense against predators, namely a cocoon spun by larva and web provided host. derived from normal or modified built under manipulation penultimate instar wasp. In laboratory experiments, we tested...

objective: the study was conducted to evaluate cardioprotective effect of silk cocoon (abresham) bombyx mori (b. mori) on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction. this study deals with the cocoons, which is called abresham in the unani system of medicine. it is one of the 64 drugs which avicenna has mentioned in avicenna’s tract on cardiac drugs and used in the treatment of cardiovascular di...

ABSTRACT-The enrichment of bedding for vermicomposting systems with organic and inorganic additives is a technique which can promote the quality of produced vermicompost. Phosphate rock and fishmeal are two available and low-cost substances which can be provided easily and inoculation of vermicompost with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) can enhance the availability...