infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is an acute and contagious viral disease of poultry that affects different systems, including the respiratory tract in particular. ibv causes major economic losses in the poultry industry globally. due to antigenic variation of the causative agent, control of the disease is difficult. to control the disease, many vaccines that belong to different serotypes are ...

Coccidial infection is universal in sheep and goats, and coccidiosis can be a significant problem in the young of both species. The coccidian are members of the protistan phylum Apicomplexa, subclass Coccidiasina, intracellular parasites, characterized at some stage of the life cycle by a typical apical complex of organelles at one end of the organism. Members of the genus Eimeria and Isospora ...

Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive form of brain tumors. Current therapy consists of surgical resection, followed by radiation therapy and concomitant chemotherapy. Despite these treatments, the prognosis for patients is poor. As such, investigative therapies including tumor vaccines have targeted this devastating condition. Recent clinical trials involving immunotherapy, spec...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FB) are the most frequently encountered mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species in livestock diets. The effect of subclinical doses of mycotoxins in chickens is largely unknown, and in particular the susceptibility of birds to pathogenic challenge when fed these fungal metabolites. Therefore, the present study reports the effects of DON and FB on chickens ch...

An effective strategy for preventing rabies consists of controlling rabies in the host reservoir with vaccination. Rabies vaccine has proven to be the most effective weapon for coping with this fatal viral zoonotic disease of warm-blooded animals, including human. Natural rabies infection of an individual is always associated with exposure to rabid animals, and the duration of clinical signs ca...

Therapeutic vaccines are different from the well-known prophylactic vaccines in that they are designed to treat patients already suffering from a disease instead of preventing the disease in healthy individuals. Several therapeutic vaccines are today in late-stage clinical development for non-small-cell lung cancer. These vaccines use different approaches including peptides, cell lines and vira...

Three influenza pandemics took place during the 20th century, including the 1918 pandemic, which killed an estimated 50 million people. We are facing the threat of another pandemic, which may be caused by an A/H5N1 influenza virus. These viruses have expanded their territory from Asia to the Middle East, Africa and Europe and have caused more than 190 human deaths up to the present. Vaccines in...