many studies since 1977, in the southern coast of caspian sea revealed that the law-setback and low-lying coastal zone have been severely and increasingly impacted by rising sea-level. this rising continued until 1995. the rate of rising was nearly 13cm per year in this period (1977-1995). the general concept of setback determination is tended to introduce a buffer area between human activities...

Abstract Application of numerical models is useful in coastal sediment studies; however, it is essential to calibrate the models in an appropriate method. Empirical equations, historical satellite imagery and other coastal data and evidence are proposed for the models calibration in the vicinity of coastal indicators around the site of projects. In this study, coastal sediment process of K...

This paper provides a framework for the assessment of the natural sensitivity of coastal lagoons to anthropogenic and other external inputs. The assessment framework is based on analysis and consideration of morphometric characteristics of coastal lagoons, and is demonstrated in this paper using eight example intermittently open coastal lagoons from New South Wales, Australia. The framework pre...

In the past 25 years, rising of the Caspian Sea level, part of a natural treat to the sea, has inundated and destroyed many buildings and arable lands and threatened many inhabitations in coastal areas. The main reason for these damages is that the law-setback has lost its efficiency and human activities have proceeded seaward. The goal of this study is to introduce a proper setback line for th...

1-Introduction The location of shorelines and the state of their changes in the past, present and over time are important for scientists, engineers and managers. For example, analyzing shoreline information for coastal protection design, policy development, updating and reviewing numerical models, assessing sea level rise, developing risk areas for coastal development, achieving the definition...