To reproduce the natural flow topography in a laboratory environment, it is crucial to recapture its bed condition in order to ensure the accurate representation. Water-worked bed represents a state-of-the-art experimentally formed bed to imitate the natural-formed channel in most rivers or natural streams. Recently, this technique has been intensively studied through experimental and computati...

Logarithmic and variable-power equations that use the bed D84 grain size as a roughness metric reproduce general trend of flow resistance in streams with coarse beds, but they are unreliable for predictions individual reaches. For site-specific application these equations, I propose an effective height can be calibrated by making single measurement. test this idea using published velocity-depth...

Rivers shape continental surfaces; they erode continental reliefs, transport erosion products and finally deposit them in plains. As a consequence, understanding physics of sediment transport is of fundamental importance in earth sciences. However, sediment transport occurs at the dynamical interface between fluid and granular mechanics, which makes its full understanding challenging. Over the ...