We investigated the effects of laser wavelength on the atomic, ionic, and radiative emission from laser-produced tin plasmas. For generating plasmas, planar tin targets were excited using either high intensity neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Nd:YAG, 1.06 m or carbon dioxide CO2, 10.6 m laser pulses; both are considered to be potential excitation lasers for an extreme ultraviolet EUV lit...

energy crisis, global warming and other environmental issues are what motivate researchers to find new strategies to reduce energy consumption in buildings. recently, using phase change materials (pcm) in the building’s envelopes has drawn significant attention as an energy-saving method, which helps in increasing the building’s thermal capacity. in the present research, the effects of the main...

Trading of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions is an attractive approach to help producers implement cleaner treatment technologies to replace current anaerobic lagoons. Our objectives were to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions from implementation of aerobic technology in USA swine farms. Emission reductions were calculated using the approved United Nations framework convent...

A cointegrated vector autoregressive (CVAR) model is estimated to determine the dynamic relationship between Nordic wholesale electricity prices and EU emissions trading scheme (EU-ETS) CO2 allowance prices. An impulse response analysis reveals that electricity prices have large short-term responses to CO2 price shocks, but that this response dampens over time. Using hourly Nordic electricity s...

We report the first detection of gas-phase CO2 emission in the star-forming region Cepheus A East, obtained by spectral line mapping of the ν2 bending mode at 14.98 μm with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) instrument onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. The gaseous CO2 emission covers a region about 35 ′′ × 25 in extent, and results from radiative pumping by 15 μm continuum photons emanating pre...

Ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 reduces pH and saturation state of calcium carbonate materials of seawater, which could reduce the calcification rate of some marine organisms, triggering a negative feedback on the growth of atmospheric CO2. We quantify the effect of this CO2-calcification feedback by conducting a series of Earth system model simulations that incorporate different parameteriza...

Soil CO2 emissions are regarded as one of the largest flows of the global carbon cycle and small changes in their magnitude can have a large effect on the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Thus, a better understanding of this attribute would enable the identification of promoters and the development of strategies to mitigate the risks of climate change. Therefore, our study aimed at using da...