This article proposes a cascade proportional-integral second-order sliding mode control (PI-SMC) method for matrix converter-fed brushless doubly fed induction machine (BDFIM). The PI-SMC consists of PI speed controller with an inner-loop (SMC). provides reference to the SMC constraints according system requirements in terms maximum current and speed. As discontinuous sign function traditional ...

A tracheal aspirate from which parainfluenza 2 (PI-2) virus but not chlamydiae was isolated demonstrated positive immunofluorescence of elementary body- and reticulate body-like particles on direct examination with anti-chlamydia monoclonal antibodies (Syva Co.). In subsequent studies, we found this reagent to show specific staining of this strain of PI-2 as well as of 3 of 18 additional PI-2 s...

The ground and low-lying excited states of the pyrimidine nucleo bases uracil, thymine, and 1-methylthymine have been characterized using ab initio coupled-cluster with approximate doubles (CC2) and a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and semiempirical multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) methods. Intersystem crossing rate constants have been determined perturbationally ...

Quantum computation and information studies how information is encoded in nature according to the laws of quantum mechanics and what this means for its computational power. In this note, we present a short and rather schematic introduction to quantum information theory by drawing comparisons to classical probability theory. For more details on quantum information theory and computation we refer...

This paper applies the proportional-integral (PI) observer in connection with loop-transfer recovery (LTR) design for discrete-time systems. Both the prediction and the filtering versions of the PI observer are considered. We show that a PI observer makes it possible to obtain time recovery, i.e., exact recovery for t + 00. under mild conditions. Two systematic LTR design methods, one based on ...

In vivo P-NMR analyses showed that the phosphate (Pi) concentration in the cytosol of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cells was much lower than the cytoplasmic Pi concentrations usually considered (60–80 mM instead of .1 mM) and that it dropped very rapidly following the onset of Pi starvation. The Pi efflux from the vacuole was insufficient to compensate f...

Cobalt pi-complexes, previously described in the literature and specially synthesized and characterized in this work, were used as catalysts in homogeneous oxidation of organic compounds with peroxides. These complexes contain pi-butadienyl and pi-cyclopentadienyl ligands: [(tetramethylcyclobutadiene)(benzene)cobalt] hexafluorophosphate, [(C₄Me₄)Co(C₆H₆)]PF₆ (1); diiodo(carbonyl)(pentamethylcyc...

In this work we evaluated the potentiality of a poly(imide) (PI)/organically-modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) nanocomposite membrane for the use in alkaline fuel cells. Both X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed a good dispersion of O-MMT into the PI matrix and preservation of the O-MMT layered structure. When compared to the pure PI, the addition of O-MMT improved thermal...

1 Formulas Suppose that Y has a multinomial distribution with parameters (p1, . . . , pm). (That is to say, suppose that Pr(Y = i) = pi for an integer i such that 1 ≤ i ≤ m.) Given a sample Y1, . . . , Yn of multinomial random variables with vector parameter (p1, . . . , pm), the maximum–likelihood (and method of moments) estimator of pi is p̂i = #{j : Yj = i}/n = ni/n (1) where ni = #{j : Yj = ...