Abstract Antibody-based conjugates (ADCs) have transformed the treatment of Her2+ breast and other cancers. Unfortunately, CNS remains a sanctuary site for many such patients in part due to differential activity macromolecules across blood-brain tumor barriers. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), high-payload ADC, was recently found improve progression-free survival cancer compared with prior-gener...

Herpes simplex infection of the CNS may occur as part of a generalized infection with visceral involvement or with the CNS alone involved. Aseptic meningitis due to herpes simplex is rare, but necrotizing encephalitis is being recognized with increasing frequency. The distribution of lesions within the CNS and the mode of spread to and within the CNS are discussed. Serological tests indicate th...

Background and Importance Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare but frequently fatal clinical entity caused by dematiaceous fungi like Cladophialophora bantiana. Clinical signs and symptoms related to fungal brain abscess can be subtle, and its imaging appearance may be indistinguishable from those of other intracranial mass lesions. Still, recognition of typical imaging patterns on CT and MRI ...

Eosinophils are one of the polymorphonuclear granulocytes derived from bone marrow stem cells, and they contain many small cytoplasmic granules that stain bright red with eosin or brick-red with Romanowsky staining. Eosinophilic infiltration is also present in various human central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as parasitic infection, transverse myelitis, vasculitis, Langerhans cell histio...

We present a model of neurogenic cystitis induced by viral infection of specific neuronal circuits of the rat CNS. Retrograde infection by pseudorabies virus (PRV) of neuronal populations neighboring those that innervate the bladder consistently led to a localized immune response in the CNS and bladder inflammation. Infection of bladder circuits themselves or of circuits distant from these rare...

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever accompanied by serosal, synovial, or cutaneous inflammation. The central nervous system (CNS) is rarely involved in FMF. The CNS involvement includes demyelinating lesions, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, pseudotumor cerebri, optic neuritis, and cerebral vasculitis. Here, we present a 20-year-old ma...

Neutrophils are the main inflammatory cell present in lesions involving the central nervous system (CNS) during human and murine listeriosis. In this study, administration of the neutrophil-depleting monoclonal antibody RB6-8C5 during experimental murine listeriosis facilitated the multiplication of Listeria monocytogenes in the CNS. These data suggest that neutrophils play a key role in elimin...

Several studies have suggested a pathogenetic role of paraproteinaemias in PNS damage. Over the few last years, the presence of symptomatic or subclinical PNS lesions in CNS diseases like multiple sclerosis has been described. On the other hand, CNS demyelinating lesions and cervical atrophy have been reported in patients affected by chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CI...

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis should be considered in patients from endemic nations with worsening neurological symptoms. If imaging reveals possible CNS tuberculomas, potentially life-threatening lesions should be excised and analyzed. When disease is less severe, other tissues possibly infected should be biopsied first for diagnosis to avoid neurosurgery.