Global climate change has encouraged international and regional adoption of pollution taxes and carbon emission reduction policies. Europe has taken the leadership in environmental regulations by introducing the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) in 2005 and by developing and promoting a set of policies destined to lower carbon emissions from transport sectors. These environmental...

This study develops a model of a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network which starts with the suppliers and recycles with the decomposition centers. As a traditional network design, we consider minimizing the all transportation costs and the raw material purchasing costs. To pay attention for the green impacts, different transportation choices are presented between echelons according to their ...

Collecting and remanufacturing worn-out products provide significant financial advantages. In this research, we examine how ball gate valves, which are important pieces of equipment in the oil gas industry, could improve profitability closed-loop supply chain. regard, four different scenarios for collecting processes considered: (1) manufacturer collects product from consumers remanufactures th...

In the current world, the debate on the reinstatement and reuse of consumer prod-ucts has become particularly important. Since the supply chain of the closed loop is not only a forward flow but also a reverse one; therefore, companies creating integ-rity between direct and reverse supply chain are successful. The purpose of this study is to develop a new mathematical model for closed loop suppl...

To solve the problem of global warming and resources crisis, we adopt two remanufacturing strategies, denoted ‘In-House Remanufacturing Strategy’ ‘Outsourcing Strategy,’ respectively, for recycling reusing waste products. However, to study optimal strategy a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network under government regulations manufacturer’s design environment, use variational inequality constru...

Purpose: Rapidly developing information technology increases expectations for obtaining much more efficient structures by providing accurate, sufficient and secure sharing in supply chains as well many other fields. Traceability is a critical element chain management, especially security-sensitive sectors such food, medicine, etc. Blockchain decentralized record platform that provides traceabil...

In this work the design and planning of a Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) under uncertain conditions is considered and a two-stage scenario-based modeling approach is proposed in order to deal with this multi-product, multi-period problem. The network design and tactical plan are simultaneously optimized in a given time horizon, comprehending the raw material acquisition and the processing, sto...

The increased awareness of environmental sustainability has led to increasing attention closed loop supply chains (CLSC). main objective the CLSC is capture values from end-of-life (EOL) products in a way that ensures business be economically and environmentally sustainable. challenge complexity occurrs due closing loop. At same time, considering stochastic variables will increase realism obtai...

Government subsidies have played an important role in closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) waste utilization. However, when the retailer is disadvantaged cooperation and does not access to subsidies, fairness issues may arise that affect pricing subsidies. Therefore, this study aims examine optimal solutions for a government-led CLSC with remanufacturing concerns. We develop three-echelon game gover...