Atrazine is a foundational herbicide in corn (Zea mays L.) because of its broad-spectrum weed control and utility for pre-emergence or postemergence applications. Extensive atrazine use has led to traces groundwater, surface water, aquifers. This research explored regimes with little no atrazine. Pre-emergence treatments [S-metolachlor (0.955 lb acre–1); saflufenacil (0.054 oz acre–1) plus dime...

Abstract Optimum herbicide use is a key factor affecting the success of any integrated weed management strategy. The main objective current study was to implement method based on spectrometer measurements for in situ evaluation efficacy and detection potentially herbicide-resistant weeds. Field trials were conducted Greece between 2018 2020 several durum wheat fields ( Triticum Desf.). In all t...

Abstract Higher levels of pesticide applications are used when growing cut flowers compared to other crops such as tomatoes, lettuce, and rice, much the floriculture industry production occurs in developing countries where less environmental regulations may be place those United States. Therefore, special consideration should given flower disposal from floral shops due potential excessive leach...

The use of Bayesian networks (BN) for environmental risk assessment has increased in recent years as they offer a more transparent way to characterize and evaluate uncertainty than the traditional paradigms. In this study, novel probabilistic approach applying BN calculation was further developed explored by linking quotient alternative future scenarios. This extended version model uses predict...

Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) can be problematic in thin turf, along sidewalks and drives, and especially during turfgrass establishment. Little published research exists evaluating herbicides that will control purslane and are also labeled for turfgrass. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of preemergence (PRE) or postemergence (POST) herbicides labeled for use in turf f...