BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of aneurysm treatment modality (clipping or coiling) on the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and infarction after subarachnoid hemorrhage have not been clearly defined. We hypothesized that there may be a difference in angiographic and clinical vasospasm, cerebral infarction, and clinical outcome between patients undergoing clipping compared to coiling. METHO...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Age might differentially affect outcomes in patients treated for unruptured cerebral aneurysms with surgical clipping versus endovascular coil therapy. We evaluated a large administrative database to determine the effect of age on outcomes in patients treated for unruptured cerebral aneurysm. METHODS Using the National Inpatient Sample, we evaluated morbidity (discharge...

Clipping a triangle or a convex quadrilateral to a plane is a common operation in computer graphics. This clipping is implemented by fixed-function units within the graphics pipeline under most rasterization APIs. It is increasingly interesting to perform clipping in programmable stages as well. For example, to clip bounding volumes generated in the Geometry unit to the near plane, or to clip a...

An experiment was carried out to know the effect of shoot clipping on floral morphology and seed yield in two Indigofera spp. viz. I. tinctoria L. and I. suffruticosa Mill. All parts of shoot including the main stem were clipped at 60 cm height from the base at 120 days after sowing (DAS). At 120 DAS, I. tinctoria already exhibited 1 flowering while I. suffruticosa showed no flowering. Shoot cl...

Today, in the rangeland management science and determination of rangecapacity, accurate and true information about range production is crucial. In fact, rangeproduction is considered as a basis for range management. The aim of this study was tocompare different methods for the estimation of forage production with four samplingmethods in the rangelands of Kurdistan province, Iran. The sampling m...

In this paper, the Peak-to-Average Ratio reduction in OFDM systems is implemented by the Adaptive Active Constellation Extension (ACE) technique which is more simple and attractive for practical downlink implementation purpose. However, in normal constellation method we cannot achieve the minimum PAR if the target clipping level is much below than the initial optimum value. To get the better of...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplex/offset QAM (OFDM/OQAM) has been proven to be a promising multi-carrier modulation (MCM) technique for the transmission of signals over multipath fading channels. However, OFDM/OQAM has also the intrinsic disadvantage of high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) that should be alleviated. This paper focuses on the reduction of the clipping noise and out-of b...

OFDM Signal combines the multiple symbol representations method with a signal clipping method using a new hybrid PAPR reduction technique. The amplitude of the signal is limited to the threshold value using clipping method which considering the signal must be interpolated before A/D conversion and also different filtering technique has been proposed. The clipping technique has the subcarriers h...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) suffers from a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Tone reservation (TR) technology is considered as one of the most promising methods because of no additional distortion, no side information, and low implementation cost. However, in all PAPR reduction schemes,determining the optimal target clipping level is difficult. In this paper, we con...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) suffers from a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Tone reservation (TR) technology is considered as one of the most promising methods because of no additional distortion, no side information, and low implementation cost. However, in all PAPR reduction schemes, determining the optimal target clipping level is difficult. In this paper, we co...