In this study, we design a new kind of spherical robot named BYQ-X. This robot has two moving statuses. When the robot moving on flat terrain, the spherical shell is folding, robot moves in traditional way by the pendulum. When the robot climbing a slope the climbing links stretch out and the spherical shell is unfolding. In this status the spherical is driven by electromotor directly. So the o...

The role of the climbing fiber input to the cerebellum has been enigmatic, with recent studies focusing on its temporal and spatial firing patterns. Debate remains as to whether climbing fibers provide a periodic clock for coordinating movements or lead to long-term modification of Purkinje cell activity as the basis of motor learning. Rhythmic and synchronous activity of climbing fibers can ca...

The legs of animals and walking vehicles are subject to substantial changes in loading in climbing over obstacles. Sense organs (campaniform sensilla) on cockroach legs detect these loads through strains in the exoskeleton. Signals that might be sent by the sense organs during climbing were predicted by applying forces to a finite element model of the leg in directions determined from kinematic...

OBJECTIVE This research examines whether Beijing residents are more or less likely than Montréal residents to avoid stair climbing, by replicating a study in Montréal, Canada that measured the impacts of distance between stairs and escalator, height between floors and pedestrian volume on stair climbing rate. METHOD 15 stairways, 14 up-escalators and 13 down-escalators were selected in 13 pub...

Rock climbing is a multi-discipline activity that encompasses forms such as bouldering, top roping and lead climbing on natural and artificial climbing surfaces. A major focus of research has been explanation of physiological functioning. More recent research indicates that anxiety levels are elevated for less experienced climbers and in response to lead climbing ascents. Research regarding the...

In my youth I used to wander in the mountains. I would gain a "feel" of the terrain and gradually build up a reliable intuition of how to get from here to there and back again. Always, on these expeditions, I would discover special places a tiny area, the only one, where fairy slippers grew; a pool in a rushing stream that was deep enough to swim in. Invariably I would find myself excitedly cli...

The main purpose of the study is to assess urban versus rural differences in functional status transitions among older Chinese, aged 55+, and to examine how individual and community level socioeconomic indicators alter the rural/urban effects and themselves influence transitions. The study uses a hierarchical linear modeling approach that considers individual responses to be embedded within com...

Folding of the brain surface is a general morphological adaptation to maximize surface area in a limited cranial volume. Surface folding is present not only in the neocortex but also in the cerebellar cortex. This folding creates subdivisions of the cortical surface: the sulci, the gyri, and the straight bank region, which is interposed. Is cortical folding only the solution to a surface-volume...

UNLABELLED Climbing has a low risk of injury and strengthens the entire musculature. Due to its benefits in physical and mental health as well as its high fun factor climbing is an established way of therapy. So far, the usefulness of climbing therapy has not been shown for people with haemophilia (PWH). A crucial requirement for physical activity in PWH is regular prophylaxis. As the patient's...

BACKGROUND Preoperative evaluation of lung resection candidates with impaired pulmonary reserves includes measurement of aerobic capacity. Stair climbing is an attractive low-cost alternative to treadmill exercise testing but it lacks standardisation. OBJECTIVES To directly compare stair climbing and treadmill exercise testing with respect to an established cut-off value for lung resection. ...