The aim of this paper is to analyse some macroeconomic channels operating in a war economy. At the theoretical level, the effects of such war on the key economic variables capital, technology, uncertainty, and the government’s fiscal deficit are discussed before proceeding to the analysis of individuals, firms and the government. These elements are combined in a dynamic macroeconomic model to s...

understanding the fundamental issues of the iran-iraq war as well as the factors affecting understanding the nature of it is the most important window to the correct understanding the history of the holy defense. if done correctly, this will provide an opportunity to understand the trends and events of the iran-iraq war which regardless of political and factional controversies, it paves the gro...

The article considers the representation of war in Leo Tolstoy's artistic and journalistic work. The concept of "War" is a key notion in the writer's works. The paper describes the lexicon embodying the topic. To express the essence of the concept, Leo Tolstoy uses such words as sumasshestviye (madness), zlo (evil), and nasiliye (violence). The article analyzes the evolution of attitu...

Introduction: Chemical weapons , which their history dates back to the first world war , refer to any factor that has direct toxic effects on human being , animals and plants. Iraqi regime used chemical weapons and various poisons during the imposed war against Iran of which mustard and nervous gases are examples that their effects are seen in victims even after passing many years. Materials a...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use selected discussions appearing on the talk pages of the Wikipedia entry on the Vietnam War to shed light on how the wider epistemological context of this online encyclopaedia affects the nature of debate about sources and subsequently how this knowledge could be used to improve information literacy instruction. Design/methodology/approach – My broad...

In this review essay, we investigate how organisational strategy can help refresh traditional strategic and security studies debates. Despite their shared history, both disciplines have evolved in silos, lacking interdisciplinary engagement. To foster dialogue mutual learning, the paper uses four key themes familiar to ‘Clausewitzian’ – ends, ways, means, friction introduces thoughts of contemp...

During World War II, behavioral scientists working for several U.S. agencies—principally the Office of Strategic Services, but also the Office of War Information, the Strategic Bombing Survey, and military authorities—advanced personality and social psychology through their investigations of the nature of Nazism, Adolf Hitler's personality, the German national character, and Germans' reactions ...