Prevalent not only in political rhetoric, but also in foreign policy, metaphor has an impact on the way we define and carry out war. In my research I investigated the following themes: the purpose and meaning of metaphor in language; how metaphor shapes foreign policy; how metaphorical rhetoric was used by politicians from September 11, 2001 to President Bush’s State of the Union Address in Jan...

Although coercion by cyberpower alone may be limited today, if appropriate steps are taken, by the year 2035 cyberpower will be a useful coercive instrument of power. This essay explores the reasons why cyberpower is not coercive today, and ways it may become more coercive in the future. The cyber attacks employed against Estonia and Iran provide evidence cyberpower is currently not coercive, a...

Maintaining systems of military plans is critical for military effectiveness, but is also challenging. Plans will become obsolete as the world diverges from the assumptions on which they rest. If too many ad hoc changes are made to intermeshed plans, the ensemble may no longer lead to well-synchronized and coordinated operations, resulting in the system of plans becoming itself incoherent. We d...

Interoperability in multinational forces generally refers to compatibility of hardware and software. Connectivity alone, however, does not confer capability and must be accompanied by interoperability of people, process, and organisation. We have labelled these latter aspects ‘nontechnical interoperability’ (NTI). The purpose of this item of work was to develop a valid framework describing the ...

The emergence of new non-state actors in the post Cold War reality have dramatically changed security environment around the globe. Modern terrorism practiced by Al Qaeda and its associated movement (AQAM) has posed serious threat to critical information infrastructure given the trend of connecting control systems that run these infrastructures to the internet. Although AQAM have not been succe...