This paper deals with alternative questions in English, and proposes an analysis employing an alternative operator. I claim that the alternative question interpretation is not obtained by such syntactic processes as movement or gapping, but by scoping of an alternative operator that originates from the conjunction or. Accordingly, while the syntactic forms of alternative questions contain nothi...

One of the challenges in large scale distributed computing is to utilize the thousands of idle personal computers. In this paper, we present a system that enables users to e ortlessly and safely export their machines in a global market of processing capacity. E cient resource allocation is performed based on statistical machine pro les and leases are used to promote dynamic task placement. The ...

We show how the speciication of a dialogue system can be divided into domain-dependent and domain-independent parts. We demonstrate how comparisons of actual representations in the dialogue history can help to infer hierarchical dialogue structure. The principles guiding the inference can be expressed in domain independent rules. Using typed feature structures as the only representation formali...

The construction of large software systems from existing components requires efficient access to possibly large collections of such components. In this paper, we present a content-based framework to organize this large collection of components in a semi-automatic fashion, according to an extensible user-defined ontology. Neural associative memories are used for fast, similaritybased access. Rel...

The inheritance class hierarchy is an important characteristic of object orientation. Many aspects of inheritance mechanisms remain controversial. Among others, many questions about the necessity of multiple inheritance have been put forward. Another contribution is given to this question by our experimental study. Dvorak [1994] revealed the phenomenon of conceptual entropy in class hierarchies...

Many studies of interactive environments of object-oriented databases are based on extensions to declarative query languages, designed for relational databases. Such environments do not use well the characteristics of the object-oriented databases. In this paper, we introduce an environment that allows users to construct tailored class hierarchies, which represent both the users’ views and the ...

OO design theory promises numerous beneets from the use of inheritance and the information hiding properties of encapsulated classes. Such promises are commonly used to justify the switch to the OO paradigm from (e.g.) functional decomposition languages like C. In this paper, we audit these claims via an analysis of 2000 Smalltalk classes in 5 applications. We will nd that, on average, applicat...

We propose a novel convolutional network architecture that abstracts and differentiates the categories based on a given class hierarchy. We exploit grouped and discriminative information provided by the taxonomy, by focusing on the general and specific components that comprise each category, through the minand difference-pooling operations. Without using any additional parameters or substantial...

In mainstream object oriented languages the subclass relation is defined in terms of subtyping, i.e. a class A is a subclass of B if the type of A is a subtype of B. In this paper this notion is extended to consider arbitrary class properties obtained by a modular static analysis of the class. In such a setting, the subclass relation boils down to the order relation on the abstract domain used ...

– The present article seeks to make an approach to the class hierarchy of a scene built with the architecture Java 3D, to develop an ontology of a scene as from the semantic essential components for the semantic structuring of the Web3D Java was selected because the language recommended by the W3C Consortium for the Development of the Web3D oriented applications as from X3D standard is Xj3D whi...