Alexis de Tocqueville, a French political scientist and historian who visited America in 1831, is quoted frequently on the distinctions he found between the New and Old Worlds. But some of his other comments highlighted similarities across civilizations: “The village or township is the only association which is so perfectly natural that, wherever a number of men are collected, it seems to const...

The dynamics of ‘‘vicious,’’ continuously growing civilizations ~domains!, which engage in ‘‘war’’ whenever two domains meet, is investigated. In the war event, the smaller domain is annihilated, while the larger domain is reduced in size by a fraction e of the casualties of the loser. Here e quantifies the fairness of the war, with e51 corresponding to a fair war with equal casualties on both ...

Molecular structures applications are usually computationally intensive. Problems like protein docking, ab-initio protein folding and even some visualization software that verify structure correctness, need to constantly determine if two atoms in the structure collide. This problem is usually referred as clash detection. If for the ab-initio and docking problems the cost of these computations d...

Associations between proteins and RNA-RNA duplexes are important in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The CLASH (Cross-linking, Ligation and Sequencing of Hybrids) technique captures RNA-RNA interactions by physically joining two RNA molecules associated with a protein complex into a single chimeric RNA molecule. These events are relatively rare and considerable effort is need...