BACKGROUND Township-village health centers in rural areas play an important role in health service system in China. In East China's Jiangsu Province, the City of Haimen privatized all 25 township-village health centers in 2002. This study assesses the effect of privatization on staff retention among these health centers. METHODS This is a retrospective study based on 10-year administrative da...

background: toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan toxoplasma gondii. the aim of this study was investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among young women who referred to check up for toxoplasmosis attended in shahid beheshti hospital, hamadan during 2013-2014. m aterials and methods: this study was performed on 2523 pregnant women who referred to laboratory of shahid b...

rural tourism is considered as one of the important parts of the economic activities. this important economic activity in the different views has been taken into consideration. some know it as a part of the tourism market and some consider it as a policy for rural development. rural tourism quickly grew in the rural economic and has been the complementary of agricultural activities. the nature ...

The city is alive with dynamic systems, where parks and urban green spaces have high strategic importance which help to improve living conditions. Urban parks are used as visual landscape with so many benefits such as reducing stress, reducing air pollution and producing oxygen, creating opportunities for people to participate in physical activities, optimal environment for children and decreas...

An integrated approach to health promotion has been widely adopted since the 1986 Ottawa Charter to promote better health and support community-based projects. Complementing the skills of experts, there is a need for community engagement for social and environmental change, with a focus on settings for health promotion initiatives. A sanitation and hygiene project from an Indonesian village set...

BACKGROUND Studies into the costs of syndromic surveillance systems are rare, especially for estimating the direct costs involved in implementing and maintaining these systems. An Integrated Surveillance System in rural China (ISSC project), with the aim of providing an early warning system for outbreaks, was implemented; village clinics were the main surveillance units. Village doctors express...

Hybrid electric vehicles employ a hydraulic braking system and a regenerative braking system together to provide enhanced braking performance and energy regeneration. In this paper an integrated braking system is proposed for an electric hybrid vehicle that include a hydraulic braking system and a regenerative braking system which is functionally connected to an electric traction motor. In the ...