Abstract The citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) was identified as causal agent for a severe stunting disease in hops. Viroids are highly stable parasitic RNAs, which can be easily transmitted by agricultural practices. Since CBCVd has recently been detected two European countries growing concern is that this pathogen will further spread and thereby threaten the hop production. Biogas fermentat...

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are becoming routinely employed in different fields of virus research. Different sequencing platforms and sample preparation approaches, in the laboratories worldwide, contributed to a revolution in detection and discovery of plant viruses and viroids. In this work, we are presenting the comparison of two RNA sequence inputs (small RNAs vs. ribosoma...

Viroids are infectious agents identified only in plants so far. In contrast to viruses, the genome of viroids is composed of a tiny circular RNA (250-400 nt) not coding for proteins, but containing in its compact structure all the information needed for parasitizing the transcriptional and RNA trafficking machineries of their hosts. Viroid infections are frequently accompanied by cellular and d...

Hop stunt was a mysterious disorder that first emerged in the 1940s in commercial hops in Japan. To investigate the origin of this disorder, we infected hops with natural Hop stunt viroid (HpSVd) isolates derived from four host species (hop, grapevine, plum and citrus), which except for hop represent possible sources of the ancestral viroid. These plants were maintained for 15 years, then analy...

The c o m p l e t e n u c l e o t i d e s e q u e n c e of a viro i d i s o l a t e d from c i t r u s ( C i t r u s m e d i c a L. U S D C S 6 0 1 3 ) , d e s i g n a t e d as ci t r u s isolate of hop s t u n t v i r o i d ( H S V d t ) ( 1 ) , was e s t a b l i s h e d . T he sin g l e s t r a n d e d c i r c u l a r m o l e c u l e s of c i t r u s v i r o i d RNA c o n s i s t s of 3 02 n ...

Viroids are autonomously replicating, small singlestranded circular RNA molecules that do not code for proteins and may cause disease in infected, susceptible plants. Viroids have the ability to induce both RNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in infected plants. Viroid PTGS has also been demonstrated in a wheat germ extract system. A p...

A graft-transmissible disease displaying red veins, red blotches and total reddening of leaves in red-berried wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars was observed in commercial vineyards. Next-generation sequencing technology was used to identify etiological agent(s) associated with this emerging disease, designated as grapevine redleaf disease (GRD). High quality RNA extracted from leaves of ...