Eddy current testing (ECT) is a conventional inspection method of heat exchanger tubes. Many types of probes have been developed depending on such tube conditions as tube shapes and materials. However, the vicinity of a tube expansion is still a difficult area to inspect. This is because there is a step-shape variation circumferentially on the inside surface and there is a ferromagnetic tube sh...

The current study presents the development and implementation of a bespoke experimental technique to generate characterise mode II crack initiation propagation in arterial tissue. begins with demonstration that lap-shear testing tissue results mixed fracture, rather than II. We perform detailed computational design method (which we refer as shear fracture ring test (SFRT)) robustly repeatably a...

There is a great clinical need for tissue engineered blood vessels that could be used to replace or bypass damaged arteries. The success of such grafts will depend strongly on their ability to mimic the cellular and matrix organization found in native arteries, but currently available cell scaffolds such as electrospun fibers or hydrogels lack the ability to simultaneously encapsulate and align...

The aim of this work is to characterize the rolling and rolling-sliding contact fatigue failure mechanisms on 32CrMoV13 nitrided steel. During tests (RCF), two general features were observed: specimens presenting short lives rough sharpened spalling damage long only microspalling marks. It was possible determine a limit 3 GPa. (RSCF), clearly different behaviour between in has been driver shows...

In this paper, the law of radial envelope forming (REF) thin wall cylinder with vertical reinforcements is studied by finite element numerical simulation. First, a model for REF established using Deform-3D software. Then, evolution and distribution strain metal flow velocity during are analyzed, growth reinforcement analyzed in detail. The results show that compression strain, circumferential t...

BACKGROUND The relation between the pattern of local anaesthetic (LA) spread and the quality of peripheral nerve block is unclear. METHODS Twenty-one volunteers were randomized to receive a median nerve block with intended circumferential or intended non-circumferential spread of LA. Different predetermined volumes and needle placement techniques were used to produce the different patterns of...

axial vibration effect of shell particles on dynamic stability of a cantilevered cylindrical shell under an axial follower force was addressed. in spite of free-ended shells, the reduced axial force under this effect cannot be derived analytically. instead, an approximate method was proposed based on the fact that the static (and harmonic) axial deformation under an axial load in a free-ended b...

Skin develops biaxial stresses and strains when stretched. Rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptor neurons are known to be stretch sensitive, yet in the past, they have been studied using stretch stimuli applied along only a single direction. In this study, cutaneous rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors were studied in preparations of isolated skin in which the skin was stretched dynamically us...

The distribution of collagen fibres plays a significant role in the mechanical behaviour of artery walls. Experimental data show that in most artery wall layers there are two (or more) in-plane symmetrically disposed families of fibres. However, a recent investigation revealed that some artery wall layers have only one preferred fibre direction, notably in the medial layer of human common iliac...