This study demonstrated circular surface nanostructures and femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures (FLIPSS) for copper produced by a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser beam of wavelength 800 nm and duration 120 fs. The circular textured nanostrucres could be created by a single laser pulse. The nanostructures in the center of the heated spot diminish as laser fluence increases and a c...

We have designed two patch antennas namely rectangular and circular (FEKO is used as simulation tool).Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT), Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Copper and Graphene are used as patch material. Property of Electrical conductivity is used to differentiate among patch materials. Antenna parameters vary depending on the patch material. Rectangular patch antenna res...