GENERAL PURPOSE To provide information about the clinical presentation of hypertrophic scars and keloids based on their varied structural components. TARGET AUDIENCE This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES After completing this continuing educati...

PURPOSE As in men, female urethral stricture disease is often treated with repeat urethral dilation or internal urethrotomy but not always with good results. In nonresponsive cases surgical treatment may be useful but only a few cases are reported in the literature. We present our single institution experience with urethral reconstruction in 6 patients using an alternative vaginal inlay flap te...

PURPOSE Fornix contracture is an obstacle for fitting a prosthesis in blind or enucleated patients, and may lead to disfigurement and psychological issues. This study evaluates the efficacy of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for fornix reconstruction with the aim of better retention of the ocular prosthesis. METHODS This non-comparative interventional case series includes eighteen bli...

BACKGROUND The giant filtering bleb encroaching onto the corneal surface is a rare occurrence in our and other's clinical experience (Kapoor and Syed, Int. Ophthalmol 31(5):403-404, 2011), even in patients having had a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, and how it developed is debated. In this paper, we report a patient who developed a huge overhanging filtering bleb after trabeculectomy, and pre...

Personal history. ? Arrived at this station from Bangalore suffering from inflammation of the left inguinal glands. At Bangalore he had dysentery and ulceration of the rectum. About a year ago he was admitted to hospital for inflammation of the inguinal glands; but there is no certain history of syphilis. No note of any previous admission for dysentery. On admission?It was noticed that he was s...

Surgical, laser, and pharmacological therapies are all used to correct scars and surgical incisions, though have limits with respect to how well facial skin can be restored or enhanced. The use of cosmetics has long been a relevant adjunct to all scar treatment modalities. In recent years, technical advancements in the chemistry and composition of cosmetic products have provided the patient wit...

Quantitative collagen determinations demonstrate an increase of approximately 800 per cent in the collagen content of the human uterus at term as compared with the non-pregnant state. Following parturition, there is a rapid resorption of collagen. The amount of collagen which disappears from the post partum uterus is approximately 53 gm. By the 8th day post partum, the human uterus has lost app...

Dermatologic surgery can sometimes result in scars that are less than satisfactory. Such results, and hence the need for scar revision, can be avoided with careful planning and the use of appropriate surgical techniques. In this practical review, we describe several techniques that will improve functional and cosmetic outcomes. While Z-plasty and its variants are simple yet essential surgical p...

When a quantum-chaotic normal conductor is coupled to a superconductor, the random-matrix theory (RMT) predicts that a gap opens up in the excitation spectrum which is of universal size E(g)(RMT) approximately 0.3 Planck/t(D), where t(D) is the mean scattering time between Andreev reflections. We show that a scarred state of long lifetime t(S)>>t(D) suppresses the excitation gap over a window D...