Co-infecting parasites and pathogens remain a leading challenge for global public health due to their consequences for individual-level infection risk and disease progression. However, a clear understanding of the population-level consequences of co-infection is lacking. Here, we constructed a model that includes three individual-level effects of co-infection: mortality, fecundity, and transmis...

brucellosis is an infectious disease and it seems that it affects human immune system and can cause acute, subacute and chronic clinical features. forty patients suffering from chronic brucellosis were studied for cd3+, cd4+,cd8+, cd19+, cells and cd4+/cd8+ ratio by flow cytometry before and after treatment with antibiotics and immunopotentiators. the results were compared with 15 healthy contr...

Dear Editor, Considering the severe outcome of undiagnosed ophthalmic brucellosis, the timely recognition of this form of disease could prevent its further complications. The first case of ophthalmic brucellosis was reported by Lemaire in 1924. The eye involvement in brucellosis occurs in different forms including dacryoadenitis, conjunctivitis, episcleritis, keratitis, iritis, iridocyclitis, n...

Brucellosis, a frequent bacterial zoonosis, can produce debilitating chronic disease with involvement of multiple organs in human patients. Whereas acute brucellosis is well studied using the murine animal model, long-term complications of host-pathogen interaction remain largely elusive. Human brucellosis frequently results in persistent, chronic osteoarticular system involvement, with complic...

INTRODUCTION Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease that remains endemic in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the need for considering brucellosis as a diagnosis, since this disease has a high risk of complications among young patients when not treated appropriately. METHODOLOGY A total of 88 brucellosis cases with blood cultures that were positive for the ...