Polyomavirus BK-associated nephropathy (PyVAN) is the main infectious cause of allograft damage after kidney transplantation. A number of studies revealed an association between the presence of BKV-specific cellular immunity and BK viral clearance, with patients failing to recover specific T cells progressing to PyVAN. Evolution to allograft dysfunction can be prevented by restoration of BKV-sp...

In the past 15 years, short-term success rates for allografts of kidney, heart, liver, and kidney/pancreas have reached unprecedented levels largely due to cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimens. Most transplant centers around the world achieve 85 to 90% one-year graft survival for kidney transplants and very few patients suffer loss of life because of modern medical management [1, 2]. T...

Renal injury may be caused by numerous factors, including ischaemia, toxins and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, chronic allograft nephropathy has become one of the main causes of late organ loss following transplantation. Several clinical and experimental studies have suggested that, in addition to alloantigen-dependent factors, several alloantigenindependent factors may be also involved ...

Abstract Background The principal cause of renal graft loss after the first year is chronic allograft nephropathy which represented histologically by tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. Its early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent late failure. Ultrasound unequivocally first-line imaging modality for evaluation transplants in immediate postoperative period long-term follow-up. shear wave ...

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteinases that remodel extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cleave a number of cell surface proteins. MMP activity is regulated via a number of mechanisms, including inhibition by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Originally thought to cleave only ECM proteins, MMP substrates are now known to include signaling molecule...

A major problem in renal transplantation is identifying a grading system that can predict long-term graft survival. The present study determined the extent to which the two existing grading systems (Banff 97 and chronic allograft damage index, CADI) correlate with each other and with graft loss. A total of 161 transplant patient biopsies with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) were studied. Th...