We numerically studied magnetic reconnection in a high β hydrogen–helium plasma at different altitudes from the photosphere to upper chromosphere. The time-dependent ionization degrees were included get more realistic diffusivities and viscosity, appropriate radiative cooling models applied. Our numerical results indicate that plasmoid instability always plays vital role speeding up atmospheric...

Enhanced chromospheric emission which corresponds to an outwardly increasing semiempirical temperature structure can be produced by wave motion without any increase in the mean gas temperture. Hence, the sun may not have a classical chromosphere in magnetic eld free internetwork regions. Other signiicant diierences between the properties of dynamic and static atmospheres should be considered wh...