background: it has been claimed that by using different washing methods, the sperms can be separated according to size, motility, density, chromosomal content and surface markings and charge. these methods also reduce sperm chromatin deficiencies and screen the sperms before applying in assisted reproduction techniques. objective: this study compared simple density gradient methods and a combin...

A cell line derived from a malignant hamster tumor was made resistant to 1/ag/ml actinomycin D by continuous exposure to increasing concentrations of the antibiotic. In addition to a normal nucleolus, the resistant cells exhibited several small exhausted ones in the terminal phase of nucleolar segregation. Comparative growth rate and incorporation of uridine-3H revealed a significant delay in t...

Background: Current microscopic experimental methods cannot diagnose DNA damages present in spermatozoa .Therefore, some methods are needed to address the abnormality of the genetic material status on the sperm samples. As reported by many investigators aniline blue staining technique has been used for identifying sperm chromatin condensation. Also, chromomycin A3 is used for evaluation of the ...