Incubation of chromate with isolated rat liver mitochondria in vitro resulted in the uptake and reduction of chromium(VI), as well as the formation of chromium(V) species. Chromate was rapidly taken up and reduced by intact mitochondria. The rate of reduction of chromate by intact mitochondria was increased upon addition of succinate or malate plus glutamate, substrates for the electron-transpo...

The influence of chromium on the microbial community structure was analyzed in a river system subjected to long-term chromium contamination, by plating and by sequencing 16S rRNA genes cloned from DNA extracted from the river sediments. We also analyzed the influence of chromium on the ability of the microbial community to resist and reduce Cr(VI) and on its resistance to antibiotics. Shifts in...

MOJ Food process Technol 2017, 4(3): 00096 The most stable oxidation states of chromium, e.g. Cr(III) and Cr(VI), exhibit significantly different biological and toxicological properties. Cr(III) is considered as an essential element for the proper functioning of living organisms, particularly in glucose metabolism, while Cr(VI) shows mutagenic effects. It is regarded as carcinogenic owing to it...

Chromium exists in sediments in two oxidation states: Cr(III), which is relatively insoluble and nontoxic, and Cr(VI), which is much more soluble and toxic. Chromium(VI) is thermodynamically unstable in anoxic sediments, and acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) is formed only in anoxic sediments; therefore sediments with measurable AVS concentrations should not contain toxic Cr(VI). If this hypothesis h...

Chromium is an element with important biological characteristics, depending on its different species. Cr(III) is considered as essential; however, the Cr(VI) form is classified as carcinogenic. For this reason, speciation analysis in food samples is a very important question. The proposed data procedures for chromium redox speciation in the literature can be divided into those with the use of o...

The interaction between hexavalent chromium Cr(VI), as K(2)CrO(4), and standard humic acids (HAs) in bulk solution was studied using three complementary analytical methods: UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and differential pulse stripping voltammetry. The observed UV-Vis and X-ray absorption spectra showed that, under our experimental conditions, HAs did not induce reducti...

As conventional physico-chemical heavy-metal remediation technologies like ion-exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis etc. are becoming extremely expensive, the possibility of use of microorganisms in bioremediation or biorecovery of different heavy metals from industrial effluents is extensively explored by different workers. Hexavalent chromium stressed environmental fungal isolates from ...

Chromium pollution is potentially detrimental to bacterial soil communities, compromising carbon and nitrogen cycles that are essential for life on earth. It has been proposed that intracellular reduction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] to trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] may cause bacterial death by a mechanism that involves reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA damage; the molecular basis of ...

Chromium and uranium are highly toxic metals that contaminate many natural environments. We investigated their mechanisms of toxicity under anaerobic conditions using nitrate-reducing Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2, which was originally isolated from a chromium-contaminated aquifer. A random barcode transposon site sequencing library of RCH2 was grown in the presence of the chromate oxyanion (Cr[VI]...