Choline-binding modules are present in some virulence factors and many other proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus). The most extensively studied choline-binding module is C-LytA, the C-terminal moiety of the pneumococcal cell-wall amidase LytA. The three-dimensional structure of C-LytA is built up from six loop-hairpin structures forming a left-handed beta-solenoid with four choli...

This article is a report on a novel and high-stability biosensor with minor interference effects of surface modification of working electrode with β-Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs) on choline oxidase biosensor were investigated in an electrochemical detection system. β-Ga2O3 NWs were materialized on the silicon substrate in a catalyst-free growth mechanism. The β-Ga2O<sub...

Choline is important for the synthesis of acetylcholine, an integral neurotransmitter involved in memory formation. In order to investigate the effect of choline supplementation on memory consolidation, the study utilized a T-maze to facilitate passive avoidance learning and memory in young female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were placed in two groups; choline-supplemented that received choline ch...

Nutritional deprivation of proteins decreases the protein kinase C (PKC) activity in rat lung. The activity of (PKC) is influenced by lipid metabolism. Changes in PKC activity may influence phosphorylation of its substrate proteins in the tissues. Therefore, alterations in phospholipid metabolism and PKC mediated protein phosphorylation in dietary protein deficiency in rat lung were envisaged. ...

Considering choline (ChCl) as an essential ingredient for animals and that it is administered through feed, we developed an easy, accurate, and sensitive method for its analysis. The method is straightforward, derivatization-free and has no secondary chromatographic interactions. •We demonstrated that the method can be used for quality control for feeds and feed additives containing choline chl...

The aim of this study is to investigate the application ultrasound in extraction betanin from beets (Beta vulgaris) using Deep eutectic solvents (DES). process was optimized response surface methodology. time variable found be correlated with performance. Three DES (choline chloride: urea (CC:U), choline glycerol (CC:G), and citric acid (CC:Ac)) were studied. concentration extracted CC:U, CC:G,...

Choline is usually supplemented as ruminally protected choline chloride to prevent its degradation in the rumen, but effects of unprotected on ruminal fermentation are unclear. Some research indicates a possible role dietary fiber microbial choline; therefore we aimed evaluate and investigate whether those depend neutral detergent (NDF) concentration. Our hypothesis was that NDF concentration w...

The electrochemical behavior of Au(111) in contact with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was studied by cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and immersion experiments to determine the potential zero total charge (pztc). In particular, DESs type III consisting a choline salt hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were investigated. HBDs urea ethylene glycol (EG) chosen since they belong, combinatio...

Desheathed frog (R. pipiens) sciatic nerves were soaked in Na-deficient solutions, and measurements were made of their Na and K contents and of the movements of K(42). When a nerve is in Ringer's solution, the Na fluxes are equal to the K fluxes, and about 75 per cent of the K influx is due to active transport. The Na content and the Na efflux are linearly related to the Na concentration of the...

The solubility of DNA in bio-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) consisting of mixtures of choline chloride with levulinic acid, glycerol, ethylene glycol, sorbitol and resorcinol was investigated. The macromolecule was found to be soluble and chemically and structurally stable in DESs consisting of mixtures containing glycerol and ethylene glycol. Furthermore recyclability of the DESs was demo...