The role of choline in osmoprotection in the moderate halophile Halomonas elongata has been examined. Transport and conversion of choline to betaine began immediately after addition of choline to the growth medium. Intracellular accumulation of betaine synthesized from choline was salt dependent up to 2.5 M NaCl. Oxidation of choline was enhanced at 2.0 M NaCl in the presence or absence of exte...

Growth assays were conducted with 8-dayold crossbred chicks to evaluate the available choline in 44 and 49% protein soybean meals, and also in whole heat-treated soybeans. A choline-free (experimental basal d i e t ) p r e t e s t diet was imposed from day 5 to 8 posthatching to diminish choline stores. Soybean sources were added at 5 and 10% to the basal diet, and a choline response curve was ...

Choline is an essential nutrient Choline (Cho), a quaternary amine, is an essential nutrient supplied by the diet (1, 2). Choline uptake and intracellular metabolism during the prenatal period were shown to have a critical role in brain development and cognitive processes (3, 4). Choline is a precursor in several key biochemical pathways as demonstrated below in scheme 1. Scheme 1: Metabolic Fa...

The uptake of free choline by isolated perfused rat liver was characterized. A saturable uptake mechanism [Ka = 0.17 +/- 0.07 mM (SD); Vmax = 0.84 +/- 0.16 mumol/min X g dry weight] and a nonsaturable mechanism (through which uptake is proportional to choline concentration in the perfusate) were identified. Most of the choline transported into hepatocytes was converted to betaine, phosphorylcho...

This study examined choline augmentation of lithium for rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Choline bitartrate was given openly to 6 consecutive lithium-treated outpatients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Five patients also underwent brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Five of 6 rapid-cycling patients had a substantial reduction in manic symptoms, and 4 patients had a marked reductio...

mM. At low choline concentrations (high affinity uptake) most of the [“Clcholine label was present in the phosphocholine fraction prior to the appearance of label in phospholipids. At high choline concentrations (low affinity uptake) a large proportion of the radioactivity was converted into acetylcholine. The dissimilarities between the formation of phosphocholine and acetylcholine as a functi...

mM. At low choline concentrations (high affinity uptake) most of the [“Clcholine label was present in the phosphocholine fraction prior to the appearance of label in phospholipids. At high choline concentrations (low affinity uptake) a large proportion of the radioactivity was converted into acetylcholine. The dissimilarities between the formation of phosphocholine and acetylcholine as a functi...

Women, during pregnancy and lactation, should eat foods that contain adequate amounts of choline. A mother delivers large amounts of choline across the placenta to the fetus, and after birth she delivers large amounts of choline in milk to the infant; this greatly increases the demand on the choline stores of the mother. Adequate intake of dietary choline may be important for optimal fetal outc...

The effect of hemicholinium (HC-3) on choline distribution was studied in aivo in the subcellular fractions of the canine caudate nucleus. Both HC-3 and choline were given intraventricularly to locally anesthetized, decamethonium-paralyzed dogs maintained on artificial ventilation. At various time intervals after intraventricular injection of methyl-W-choline alone and in various HC-3/methyl-W-...

Serum lipid values (low-density lipoproteins, alpha lipoproteins and scrum cholesterol) are decreased in choline deficiency. It is believed that this is due specifically to a choline lack rather than to a nonspecific effect of a deficiency. The addition of cholesterol to :i choline deficient diet does not lead to hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia. It appears that dietary choline is one of t...