expansive soils are considered a worldwide problem as they cause extensive damage tocivil engineering structures. an important characteristic of expansive soils is theirsusceptibility to volume change due to the phenomenon of wetting and drying. this paperpresets the effect of pore water quality on the swelling and shrinkage behavior of anexpansive soil during wetting and drying cycles. thirty ...

A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of paraquat and diquat was developed using LC/MS, electrospray ionisation (ESI), positive ion mode, selective ion monitoring (SIM) large volume injections, and minimal sample preparation. No trace enrichment was required to obtain limits of detection (LOD) below 1 μg/L, which is well below the World Health Organisation (WHO) advisory value of 10 μg/...

In this study, we are interested in the eutectic processing of chloride compounds and decided to focus on ammonium based compounds that can provide sufficient insight in the fundamental chemistry. 10 types of ammonium based chloride compounds namely ammonium chloride, methanaminium chloride, dimethylammonium chloride, trimethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylamm...

deterioration of concrete structures in the gulf region is a serious problem. penetration of chloride ion into concrete is responsible for such early deterioration. determination of chloride diffusion coefficient is an effective way to predict the service life of concrete structures. in order to investigate the performance of concrete mixtures in such environments, ordinary and silica fume conc...

pulp and paper effluents are considered as serious environmental hazards and their treatment, because of multiplicity of impurities and complexity of their chemical structures, is one of the most difficult and inconvenient industrial processes. as the most pulp and paper mill work on kraft process, there are few studies in literature on the treatment of neural sulfite semi chemical (nssc) proce...

The present study, "Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, fruit setting, and quality guava (Psidium guajava L.) in meadow orchard," was carried out the years 2021–2022, at Central Research Farm, Department Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute Agriculture & Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.). Ten treatments made up experiment with: control, three concentrations gibberellic acid (GA3) 75, ...

The binding of chloride is known to shift the absorption spectrum of most long-wavelength-absorbing cone-type visual pigments roughly 30 nm to the red. We determined that the chloride binding constant for this color shift in the gecko P521 visual pigment is 0.4 mM at pH 6.0. We found an additional effect of chloride on the P521 pigment: the apparent pKa of the Schiff base in P521 is greatly inc...