Chlorite dismutase (CD) catalyzes the disproportionation of chlorite to chloride (ClO(2)(-)-->Cl(-)+O(2)) and is present in bacteria capable of cell respiration using perchlorate or chlorate. The activity of this enzyme has previously been measured by monitoring oxygen evolution using a Clark-type dissolved oxygen (DO) probe. We demonstrate here, using two other methods to measure CD activity (...

Strawberries, cherry tomatoes, and red bayberries, which are the most popular types of fresh produce in China, are vulnerable to microbial contamination. In this study, different sanitizing methods [treatment with 2% organic acids, 0.02% sodium hypochlorite (SH), 0.1% sodium chlorite (SC), and 0.1% acidified sodium chlorite (ASC)] were applied to fresh strawberry, cherry tomato, and red bayberr...

Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Nitrospira are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems and also in wastewater treatment plants. Nitrospira are members of a distinct phylum, not closely related to other nitrifiers, and no genomic sequences from this genus have been available so far. Here we applied an environmental genomics approach to sequence and assemble a 137 kbp-long genome fragment of 'Ca...

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of a chlorine dioxide water treatment system in controlling Legionella in a hospital water supply. DESIGN For 17 months following installation of the system, we performed regular water cultures throughout the building, assessed chlorine dioxide and chlorite levels, and monitored metal corrosion. RESULTS Sites that grew Legionella species decreased...

The NrtA and NrtB nitrate transporters are paralogous members of the major facilitator superfamily in Aspergillus nidulans. The availability of loss-of-function mutations allowed individual investigation of the specificity and inhibitor sensitivity of both NrtA and NrtB. In this study, growth response tests were carried out at a growth-limiting concentration of nitrate (1 mM) as the sole nitrog...

In the reaction between equimolar amounts of horseradish peroxidase and chlorite, the native enzyme is oxidized directly to Compound II (Hewson, W.D., and Hager, L.P. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3175-3181). At acidic pH but not at alkaline values, this initial reaction is followed by oxidation of Compound II to Compound I. The highly pH-dependent chemistry of Compound II can be readily demonstra...

The chlorite-tetrathionate reaction has been studied spectrophotometrically in the pH range of 4.65-5.35 at T = 25.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C with an ionic strength of 0.5 M, adjusted with sodium acetate as a buffer component. The reaction is unique in that it demonstrates autocatalysis with respect to the hydrogen and chloride ion products and the key intermediate, HOCl. The thermodynamically most-fa...

Oxalate oxidase catalyzes the conversion of oxalic acid and molecular oxygen to carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. Oxalate-degrading enzymes are of interest for various applications including clinical analysis of the levels of oxalic acid in blood and urine and control of oxalic acid in industrial processes, such as pulp and paper manufacture. In these applications, the presence of oxyanions...

Applying machine learning techniques to large datasets of in situ analyses has been proven be a powerful tool Earth Sciences. However, problems may arise when dealing with minerals such as chlorite, that exist solid solution rather than single, stoichiometric ideal. It can difficult determine whether the variations major element concentrations are due compositional difference mineral interest o...