Considered as one of the most available radionuclide in soil-plant system, ³⁶Cl is of potential concern for long-term management of radioactive wastes, due to its high mobility and its long half-life. To evaluate the risk of dispersion and accumulation of ³⁶Cl in the biosphere as a consequence of a potential contamination, there is a need for an appropriate understanding of the chlorine cycling...

This study has demonstrated a rapid spectroscopic method for the determination of chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid concentrations in the pulp bleaching processes. It was found that chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid have an isosbestic wavelength of 295 nm. The soluble lignin in such a system is the main interference, but can be corrected by determining the absorbances at 295 nm, 380 n...

The reaction of free chlorine with tertiary ammonium or amine compounds in aqueous solution was studied by the amperometry at a rotating Pt-disk electrode. The amperometric method can be applied to follow the concentration of free chlorine (c(Cl)) even in the presence of chloramine species. By addition of mono- and dibutylammonium to the solution containing free chlorine, the step-like decrease...

Azo dyes are commonly found as pollutants in wastewater from the textile industry, and can cause environmental problems because of their color and toxicity. The removal of a typical azo dye named C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2) during low pressure ultraviolet (UV)/chlorine oxidation was investigated in this study. UV irradiation at 254nm and addition of free chlorine provided much higher removal rate...

1Department of Microbiology; 2Department of Environmental Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran (Correspondence to A. Tavakoli: [email protected]). Received: 05/10/03; accepted: 22/03/04 ABSTRACT To investigate the inactivation of potential pathogens, we evaluated survival rates for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophila and Sa...

Chloroperoxidase catalyzes the dismutation of chlorite-forming chloride, chlorine dioxide, chlorate, and oxygen as products. The yields of chlorine dioxide are variable because chloroperoxidase also catalyzes the decomposition of this compound and, in addition, moderate concentrations of chlorine dioxide inactivate the enzyme. Chloride, chlorate, and oxygen are the products of the decomposition...

The effects of chlorine and pH on the bactericidal activity of electrolyzed (EO) water were examined against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. The residual chlorine concentration of EO water ranged from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/l, and the pH effect was examined at pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0. The bactericidal activity of EO water increased with residual chlorine concentration for both pathogen...

Several poliovirus and coxsackievirus isolates from environmental sources were compared with laboratory strains to determine their rate of inactivation by chlorine. All viruses were tested for up to 1,000 min in the presence of an initial free residual chlorine level of ca. 0.4 mg/liter. Coxsackievirus B5 (CB-5) isolates were found to be more resistant to chlorine than coxsackievirus B4 (CB-4),...

From its creation to its disposal, there are environmental and health problems associated with polyvinyl chloride (vinyl), the major component of vinyl flooring. The production of vinyl creates toxic waste that must be dumped or incinerated. Because very little vinyl is recycled, the waste material must also be landfilled or burned. Furthermore, the heavy chlorine content of these materials res...

Shell valve movements of fouling mussel, Mytilopsis leucophaeta, have been studied in the presence of chlorine, using a mussel monitor. Data showed increasing shell valve closure with increasing chlorine concentration. Shell opening rates of M . leucophaeta at control experiments (0 mg litre“ 1 residual chlorine) were about 10 times more than those at 1 mg litre" 1 residual chlorine. Continuous...