water-pollution control analysis. It is closely related to the organic contamination level of a water or wastewater sample. The Cr-COD method is used as the standard in USA and Taiwan. Compared to Japanese Mn-COD method, it has a higher detection limit and severe chloride ion interference because of the stronger oxidant and the longer digestion time. In order to reduce the chloride-ion interfer...

New compounds are needed to treat parasitic nematode infections in humans, livestock and plants. Small molecule anthelmintics are the primary means of nematode parasite control in animals; however, widespread resistance to the currently available drug classes means control will be impossible without the introduction of new compounds. Adverse environmental effects associated with nematocides use...

in this study, polystyrene ethylene butylene polystyrene (psebs) was functionalized to prepare mono and bipolar ion exchange membranes. in the case of the bipolar membrane, platinum was used as the intermediate layer. nacl solution of concentration ranging from 5 g/l to 25 g/l was used as the feed solution. a commercially procured ion exchange membrane made of polystyrene divinyl benzene was al...

The fully automated combustion ion chromatography (CIC) system presented here combines a highly efficient combustion system with the separation power of ion chromatography (IC). CIC allows for the simultaneous, speciated trace analysis of halide (F, Cl, Br, and I) and sulfur compounds (as sulfate) from subppm to percent levels in any nonaqueous sample matrix. Chloride and sulfur recoveries in t...

Five solutions of sodium chloride in mixtures of water and dimethyl sulphoxide ͑DMSO͒ have been simulated using the conventional molecular dynamics technique. The potentials of mean force ͑PMFs͒ of the sodium chloride ion pair in the presence of the five water–DMSO mixtures with DMSO mole fractions (x DMSO) of 0.10, 0.21, 0.35, 0.48 and 0.91 have been computed. The derived PMFs have been confirmed ...

Many ions are known to affect the activity, stability, and structural integrity of proteins. Although this effect can be generally attributed to ion-induced changes in forces that govern protein folding, delineating the underlying mechanism of action still remains challenging because it requires assessment of all relevant interactions, such as ion-protein, ion-water, and ion-ion interactions. H...

Three types of chloride-conducting membranes based on polyvinyl chloride, commercial gelatin, and polyvinyldifluoride-hexafluoropolymer are introduced in this report. The polymers are mixed with chloride-containing salts, such as tetrabutylammonium chloride, and cast to form membranes. We studied the structural properties, thermal stability, and electrochemical response of the membranes to unde...

1. The Donnan equilibrium furnishes a test for the ionic nature of any diffusible substance, since the ratio of the concentration of any ion on the two sides of a membrane must be equal to the ratio of the concentrations of any other ion of the same sign and valence, whereas a non-ionic substance would be equally distributed on both sides. 2. The distribution of trypsin inside and outside of ge...

This paper is to study the effect of surface coating and silane hydrophobic agents for high performance concrete durability in a marine environment of tidal zone and splash zone by exposure test in JiaoZhou Bay. The results indicated that surface coating had good protection and coating quality after a 5-year period and the adhesive strength with concrete surface was more than 2.5 MPa. Surface c...