Neighborhood development is considered as one purpose of sustainable urban development (SUD) and a key action to reach the sustainability. This approach (SUN), enhance this new approach that the city's problems can be expected in return to the neighborhood concept. Applied methodology is based on descriptive-analytical, case study and librarian methods. In continuous, it was used of interview w...

Favorable perceptions of the built and social neighborhood environment may promote outdoor physical activity (PA). However, little is known about their independent and interactive effects on neighborhood-specific outdoor PA. We examined associations of perceived built and social neighborhood environment factors, and their interactions, with objectively-measured neighborhood outdoor moderate-to-...

The traditional 3 3 cell neighborhood used in a focal operation on a raster layer has a square shape that results in a dimensional neighborhood of which the orientation is eventually arbitrary to the physical features represented. This paper presents an experiment using a circular neighborhood to calculate slope gradient. Comparisons of the results from a circular neighborhood with the results ...

In the last decades, many efforts have been made to solve multimodal optimization problems using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). To produce good results, these PSO algorithms need to specify some niching parameters to define the local neighborhood. In this paper, our motivation is to propose the novel neighborhood structures that remove undesirable niching parameters without sacrificing perf...

APrIl 2017 IZA DP No. 10696 The Temporal Stability of Children’s Neighborhood Experiences: A Follow-up from Birth to Age 15 Despite increasing attention being paid to the temporal dynamics of childhood disadvantage, children’s neighborhood characteristics are often measured at a single point in time. Whether such cross-sectional measures serve as reliable proxies for children’s long-run neighbo...