BACKGROUND This study examines whether social age deadlines exist for childbearing in women and men, how they vary across countries, whether they are lower than actual biological deadlines and whether they are associated with childbearing at later ages and the availability of assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs). METHODS This study is based on the European Social Survey, Round 3 (2006-2007...

OBJECTIVE Contemporary childbearing is associated with greater gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention than in previous decades, potentially leading to a more pronounced effect of childbearing on women's long-term obesity risk. Previous work on the association of childbearing with women's long-term obesity risk mostly examined births in the 1970s and 1980s and produced mixed res...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of major congenital malformations associated with antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment in pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using data from The Health Improvement Network, we identified women who have given live birth and their offspring. Four subgroups were selected based on the AED treatment in early pregnancy, valproate, carbamazepi...

OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder affects 0.5%-1.5% of individuals in the United States. The typical age at onset is late adolescence or early adulthood, placing women at risk for episodes throughout their reproductive years. General guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder are available from the American Psychiatric Association, but additional issues arise when these guidelines are applied in...

Commentary This article is one of many reporting the outcome of the NEAD (Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs) study, a major and important prospective evaluation of women receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy. Epilepsy is a chronic condition that occurs throughout the lifespan. It is also a condition that can be life threatening if left untreated; typically, treat...

Fertility and childbearing, in addition to the biological aspects, has always been regarded as a social phenomenon and, therefore, to understand the incident, values and beliefs, norms, and in short, the culture of any society should be scrutinized. Since the concept, condition, and value of childbearing is associated with cultural, social, political and economic dimensions, it has undergone va...

Teenage motherhood is associated with poor offspring outcomes but these associations may be influenced by offspring birth year because of substantial social changes in recent decades. Existing research also has not examined whether these associations are due to the specific effect of mother's age at childbirth or factors shared by siblings in a family. We used a population-based cohort study in...

Fertility behavior based on stimuli, decision making process, and related attitudes can be considered as social behavior that occurs in a social environment. The general objective of this research is to investigate the social factors affecting the tendency towards childbearing among married women in Mazandaran province. The sample size of this study is 100 people who were selected by purposive ...

corporate support for entrepreneurship is the most important element for the development of corporate entrepreneurship and is considered as one of the main corporate entrepreneurial antecedents. it involves trust in corporate staff and training them for promoting recognition of opportunities, exploring new and valuable resources, innovative productions and profit-making processes. corporate sup...

Introduction Historically, childlessness is not a new phenomenon but its demographic context and nature has changed (Rowland 2007). Currently, childlessness is related not only to being infertile or single, but more and more often it results from various external obstacles (e.g., financial, work-related) or is associated with a shift in people’s attitudes and life priorities (Hagestad and Call ...